Patriots, Royalists, and Terrorists in the West Indies : The French Revolution in Martinique and Guadeloupe, 1789-1802

This book provides a history of the French Revolution in Martinique and Guadeloupe from 1789 to 1802. Examining political conflict between white factions, as well as economic, social, and racial tensions, it argues that metropolitan news, ideas, language, and political culture played a key role in shaping the colonial revolution.

Patriots, Royalists, and Terrorists in the West Indies examines the complex revolutionary struggle in Martinique and Guadeloupe from 1789 to 1802. The arrival of tricolour cockades – badges showing support for the French Revolution – and news from Paris in 1789 undermined the royal governors’ authority, unleashed bitter conflict between white factions, and encouraged the aspirations of free people of colour to equality and black slaves to freedom.

This book provides a detailed narrative of the shifting political developments, and analyses the roles of planter resentment of metropolitan control, social and racial tensions, and the ambiguity of revolutionary principles in a colonial setting. Recent scholarship has tended to over-emphasize the colonies’ agency, and to accentuate the conflict between masters and slaves, while downplaying metropolitan influences. In contrast, this study seeks to restore the importance of destabilizing political struggles between white factions. It argues that metropolitan news, ideas, language, and political culture – the "revolutionary script" from France – played a key role in shaping the revolution in the colonies.

"Patriots, Royalists, and Terrorists in the West Indies examines the complex revolutionary struggle in Martinique and Guadeloupe from 1789 to 1802. The arrival of tricolour cockades - a badge symbol of the French Revolution - and news from Paris in 1789 undermined the royal governors' authority, unleashed bitter conflict between white factions, and encouraged the aspirations of free people of colour to equality and black slaves to freedom. This book provides a detailed narrative of the shifting political developments, and analyses the roles of planter resentment of metropolitan control, social and racial tensions, and the ambiguity of revolutionary principles in a colonial setting. Recent scholarship has tended to over-emphasize the colonies' agency, and to accentuate the conflict between masters and slaves, while downplaying metropolitan influences. In contrast, this study seeks to restore the importance of destabilizing political struggles between white factions. It argues that metropolitan news, ideas, language, and political culture: the "revolutionary script" from France; played a key role in shaping the revolution in the colonies."-- Provided by publisher Table of Contents 5 List of Illustrations and Maps 7 Acknowledgments 9 Introduction 11 1. The Windward Islands on the Eve of Revolution 22 2. Rumours of Revolution: The Impact of 1789 in Martinique and Guadeloupe 49 3. Patriots versus Aristocrats: The Coming of Civil War, 1789–1790 74 4. “The Nation, the Law, the King”: The Liberal Revolution’s Failure in the Windward Islands, 1791 105 5. Counter-Revolution: The Revolt of Martinique and Guadeloupe, 1792–1793 133 6. The Slave-Holding Republic in the Windward Islands, 1793–1794 164 7. Reign of Terror: Victor Hugues’s Regime in Guadeloupe, 1794–1798 197 8. Return of the Old Regime: Martinique under British Occupation, 1794–1802 236 Conclusion 266 Notes 275 Bibliography 369 Index 387