Patient-Centered Digital Healthcare Technology: Novel applications for next generation healthcare systems (Healthcare Technologies)

__Patient-Centered Digital Healthcare Technology__ explores the creative intersection of novel, emerging technologies and medicine. This convergence is transforming the landscape of healthcare with the overarching objectives of improving clinical outcomes and advocating wellness. The concept of encountering or treating a medical condition when it has already become disturbingly manifest is being replaced by earlier awareness, diagnosis, and proactive intervention enabled by technologies. This book features a range of innovations in health information systems and big data, artificial intelligence and machine learning, real-time home monitoring tools, smartphone apps, medical robotics and intelligent machines, virtual and augmented realities, genome sequencing, blockchain and gamification in healthcare. Intuitive digital health solutions motivate end-users to become active partners in their care, thus enhancing patient engagement and empowerment. This may perhaps lead to yet the most gratifying consequence of novel and emerging technologies: the democratization of healthcare. This book offers a valuable resource for healthcare providers, engineers, data and computer scientists, researchers, practitioners in academia, biomedical industry and multi-disciplinary clinical settings. Subjects include informatics, computing, networking, wireless and mobile applications, and robotic sensing that collectively improve healthcare access and delivery. Contents 8 Preface: Patient-Centered Digital Healthcare Technology: Novel Applications for Next Generation Healthcare Systems Featuring the Game Changers of Emerging Technologies in Medicine and Public Health 16 About the Editors 20 1. Information systems in health: what do you need and how will you get it? 22 1.1 Introduction 22 1.2 Healthcare as a sociotechnical pursuit 23 1.3 A simple model of what information someone in healthcare needs 25 1.4 A way of thinking about the role of information in care provision 36 1.5 Knowledge and process in care delivery 39 1.6 Conclusion and critical design questions 40 Acknowledgments 42 References 42 2. Hybrid usability methods: practical techniques for evaluating health information technology in an operational setting 44 2.1 Introduction 44 2.2 Commonly used methods 52 2.3 Hybrid techniques 64 2.4 Case studies 71 2.5 Conclusions 77 References 79 3. Advancing public health in the age of big data: methods, ethics, and recommendations 88 3.1 Introduction 88 3.2 Overview of big data analytics 89 3.3 Enabling technologies 89 3.4 Data sources and collection methods 91 3.5 Advantages of big data in public health 92 3.6 Ethical risks and issues 93 3.7 Recommendations 95 3.8 Conclusion 96 References 97 4. Preferential hyperacuity perimetry: home monitoring to decrease vision loss due to age-related macular degeneration 100 4.1 Introduction 100 4.2 Background 101 4.3 Diagnostic testing 102 4.4 Age-related macular degeneration 104 4.5 Treatment for exudative age-related macular degeneration 106 4.6 The importance of early detection of exudative age-related macular degeneration to improve visual outcomes 107 4.7 The unmet needs for better early detection of exudative AMD 109 4.8 Preferential hyperacuity perimetry (PHP) 110 4.9 ForeseeHomeTM 112 4.10 Clinical trial results 113 4.11 Impact, reimbursement and cost effectiveness of ForeseeHomeTM monitoring 118 4.12 Additional applications for ForeseeHomeTM 119 4.13 Conclusions and future of home monitoring in ophthalmology 119 References 120 5. Enhancing the reach and effectiveness of behavioral health services for suicidal persons by incorporating mobile applications (apps) technology 124 5.1 Technology landscape 125 5.2 Technology and behavioral healthcare 126 5.3 Evidence for behavioral health apps for suicide prevention 130 5.4 Discussion 133 5.5 Conflict of interest 135 Acknowledgments 135 References 135 6. The gamification of mental health prevention and promotion 142 6.1 Introduction 142 6.2 Making it playful 144 6.3 Use of Wellness Center activities 147 6.4 Platform 153 6.5 Mitigating liabilities to protect the end user 153 References 155 7. Minimally disruptive medicine: how mHealth strategies can reduce the work of diabetes care 158 7.1 Introduction 158 7.2 The diabetic lower extremity 161 7.3 Our approach 164 7.4 MIMOSA in practice and overcoming barriers to mHealth adoption 168 7.5 Change is on the horizon 171 7.6 Conclusions 171 References 171 8. Innovations in medical robotics: surgery, logistics, disinfection, and telepresence 176 8.1 The medical robotics landscape 176 8.2 Surgery 177 8.3 Logistics 183 8.4 Disinfection robots 186 8.5 Telepresence 192 8.6 Conclusion 199 References 199 9. New reality for surgical training and assessment using immersive technologies 202 9.1 History of surgical training 202 9.2 Emerging industry trends 205 9.3 State of surgical education 209 9.4 Emerging approaches in surgical simulation 213 9.5 Immersive technology 215 References 223 10. Applications of blockchain in healthcare 226 10.1 Introduction to blockchain 226 10.2 When is it appropriate to use blockchain? 232 10.3 Introduction to blockchain solution models 236 10.4 Healthcare provider data use cases 238 10.5 Healthcare provider directories 239 10.6 Healthcare provider credentialing 244 10.7 Walmart supply chain: one non-healthcare example 247 10.8 Pharmaceutical supply chain management 249 10.9 Patient identity and consent management 251 10.10 Electronic health record exchange 252 10.11 Real-time claims adjudication 254 10.12 Reducing of fraud, waste, and abuse in healthcare 256 10.13 Conclusion 257 References 258 Further Reading 262 11. A practical introduction to artificial intelligence in medicine 264 Prologue 264 11.1 Why does medicine need AI and why are radiologists leading the forefront? 266 11.2 Basics of artificial intelligence 267 11.3 Problem identification 270 11.4 Data collection 274 11.5 Data labeling 277 11.6 Validation 282 11.7 Deployment and integration 285 References 287 12. Under the hood: developing the engine that drives personalized medicine 290 12.1 Introduction 290 12.2 Sequencing 291 12.3 Secondary analysis 292 12.4 Tertiary analysis 294 12.5 Technical implementation 299 12.6 Challenges 301 12.7 How this engine will redefine healthcare 302 References 303 Afterword: The impacts of novel and emerging technologies on a pandemic 308 Index 316 The past decade has seen the introduction of new information technologies for healthcare, ranging from systematic to the more subtle. Whether approaching a whole ecosystem of a health process such as computerized medical records, or the granular patient needs addressed in mobile apps, or the new industry of wellness, innovators are addressing the gaps of healthcare systems and their patients. This book explores several themes of current and near-future healthcare information technology by presenting innovations and approaches to solving peoples' medical and mental health needs. This book of digital health technologies (DHTs) features novel and emerging applications and system modifications that intersect with healthcare. The authors' contributions often challenge the existing healthcare systems in ways that aim to transform healthcare, with the single overarching objective of improving clinical outcomes and advocating wellness. The concept of encountering or treating a medical condition when it has already become disturbingly manifest is being replaced by earlier awareness, diagnosis, and proactive intervention This book explores technologies that will lead the way to a revolution in healthcare delivery. Topics include information systems in healthcare, big data for public health, home monitoring, mobile apps, gamification, minimally disruptive medicine, medical robotics, immersive technologies, blockchain and artificial intelligence.