پاستورالیسم در آفریقا: گذشته، حال و آینده‌ها

Pastoralism has shaped livelihoods and landscapes on the African continent for millennia. Mobile livestock husbandry has generally been portrayed as an economic strategy that successfully met the challenges of low biomass productivity and environmental variability in arid and semi-arid environments. This volume focuses on the emergence, diversity, and inherent dynamics of pastoralism in Africa based on research during a twelve-year period on the southwest and northeast regions. Unraveling the complex prehistory, history, and contemporary political ecology of African pastoralism, results in insight into the ingenuity and flexibility of historical and contemporary herders. Specialisation and diversification among African pastoral societies / Michael Bollig and Michael Schnegg Herders before pastoralism : prehistoric prelude in the eastern Sahara / Rudolph Kuper and Heiko Riemer 'I hope your cattle are well' : archaeological evidence for early cattle-centred behaviour in the eastern Sahara of Sudan and Chad / Friederike Jesse, Birgit Keding, Tilman Lenssen-Erz and Nadja Pöllath Trajectories to pastoralism in northern and central Kenya : an overview of the archaeological and environmental evidence / Paul Lane From first stock keepers to specialised pastoralists in the West African savanna / Veerle Linseele A short history of early herding in Southern Africa / Karim Sadr Establishing a pre-colonial 'modern' cattle and gun society : (re-)pastoralisation, mercantile capitalism and power amongst Herero in nineteenth century central Namibia / Dag Henrichsen ^ The emergence of commercial ranching under state control and the encapsulation of pastoralism in African reserves / Christo Botha Land, boreholes and fences : the development of commercial livestock farming in the Outjo district, Namibia / Ute Dieckmann The political ecology of specialisation and diversification : long-term dynamics of pastoralism in East Pokot District, Kenya / Michael Bollig and Matthias Österle Social-ecological change and institutional development in a pastoral community in north-western Namibia / Michael Bollig Pastoral belonging : causes and consequences of part-time pastoralism in north-western Namibia / Michael Schnegg, Julia Pauli and Clemens Greiner State, conflict and pastoralism in contemporary eastern Chad : the case of Zaghawa-Tama relationships / Babett Jánszky and Grit Jungstand Unofficial trade when states are weak : the case of cross-border livestock trade in the Horn of Africa / Peter D. Little ^ Pastoralism and trans-Saharan trade : transformation of a historical trade route between eastern Chad and Libya / Meike Meerpohl Pastoralism and nature conservation in Southern Africa / Susanne Berzborn and Martin Solich The indigenization of pastoral modernity : territoriality, mobility, and poverty in dryland Africa / John G. Galaty. Contents List of Figures and Tables List of Abbreviations Acknowledgements Introduction. Specialisation and Diversification among African Pastoral Societies Part I: The Prehistory of Pastoralism in Africa 1 Herders before Pastoralism: Prehistoric Prelude in the Eastern Sahara 2 ‘I Hope Your Cattle Are Well’: Archaeological Evidence for Early Cattle-centred Behaviour in the Eastern Sahara of Sudan and Chad 3 Trajectories of Pastoralism in Northern and Central Kenya: An Overview of the Archaeological and Environmental Evidence 4 From the First Stock Keepers to Specialised Pastoralists in the West African Savannah 5 A Short History of Early Herding in Southern Africa Part II: Historical and Contemporary Dynamics of Pastoralism 6 Establishing a Precolonial ‘Modern’ Cattle-and-Gun Society: (Re-)Pastoralisation, Mercantile Capitalism and Power amongst Herero in Nineteenth-century Central Namibia 7 The Emergence of Commercial Ranching under State Control and the Encapsulation of Pastoralism in African Reserves 8 Land, Boreholes and Fences: The Development of Commercial Livestock Farming in the Outjo District, Namibia 9 The Political Ecology of Specialisation and Diversification: Long-term Dynamics of Pastoralism in East Pokot District, Kenya 10 Social-ecological Change and Institutional Development in a Pastoral Community in North-western Namibia 11 Pastoral Belonging: Causes and Consequences of Part-time Pastoralism in North-western Namibia Part III: Violence, Trade, Conservation and Pastoralism in Africa 12 Pastoralism, Conflict and the State in Contemporary Eastern Chad: The Case of Zaghawa–Tama Relationships 13 Unofficial Trade When States Are Weak: The Case of Cross-border Livestock Trade in the Horn of Africa 14 Pastoralism and Trans-Saharan Trade: The Transformation of a Historical Trade Route between Eastern Chad and Libya 15 Pastoralism and Nature Conservation in Southern Africa Part IV: Pastoral Modernities in Africa 16 The Indigenisation of Pastoral Modernity: Territoriality, Mobility and Poverty in Dryland Africa Notes on Contributors Index