Pass the MRCP (SCE) Neurology Revision GuidePass the MRCP (SCE) Neurology Revision Guide (MasterPass) (Dec 30, 2024)_(1032433736)_(CRC Press).pdf

This up-to-date revision guide for the MRCP SCE (Membership of the Royal College of Physicians―Specialty Certificate Examination) in neurology covers the core areas essential for exam success. The chapters are structured to align with the exam syllabus and help exam candidates learn and recall core concepts. The chapter format and style provide a structured and focused approach to studying essential neurology topics, ensuring a comprehensive understanding of the subject matter. Carefully curated content encompasses all areas tested in the MRCP (SCE) Neurology examination. The use of bullet points, tables and colour illustrations aids in easy assimilation of information. The inclusion of neuroradiology and neuropathology, which account for a significant section of exam questions, is a particular strength of this text. Whether you are a resident or trainee preparing for your first SCE examination or a seasoned neurologist seeking to enhance your knowledge and skills, this book will provide you with the necessary tools for success. Cover Half Title Series Title Copyright Contents Preface Author Contributors Chapter 1 Cerebrovascular Diseases 1. ATHEROSCLEROTIC CEREBROVASCULAR DISEASES: STROKE Figure 1.1 Schematic representation of TIA and stroke. Table 1.1 Difference between Two Types of Watershed Infarctions 2. Locked-in A clinical presentation of:syndrome 3. Abulia Table 1.2 Cause of Stroke in Autoimmune Diseases 2. INFLAMMATORY, NON-ATHEROSCLEROTIC DISEASES 1. HSP/IgA 2. ABRA 3. CAA 4. Temporal 5. Takayasu 3. NON-INFLAMMATORY NON-ATHEROSCLEROTIC DISEASES 1. Sneddon’s 2. Moyamoya 3. FMD 4. HHT 5. Homocystinuria 6. Fabry disease 4. MISCELLANEOUS CEREBROVASCULAR DISEASES 5. THROMBOLYSIS IN STROKE BOX 1.1 RELATIVE CONTRAINDICATIONS Contraindications: Absolute Contraindications for Thrombolysis in Stroke Complication: Angioedema during Thrombolysis 6. SPECIFIC NEUROIMAGING SIGNS IN CEREBROVASCULAR DISEASES 7. NICE GUIDELINES IN STROKE TIA (Transient Ischemic Attack) Carotid Figure 1.8 Carotid artery stenosis grade. STROKE Mechanical Secondary prevention STATINS ICU management ICU management: Surgery in ICH is indicated if neuroimaging shows hydrocephalus** ICU management: Decompressive surgery in ischemic stroke if ICU management: Nutrition Nutrition Early mobilization STROKE 8. RISK STRATIFICATION SCORES IN STROKE Chapter 2 Epilepsy and Sleep Disorders 1. ILAE DEFINITION OF EPILEPSY 2. IDIOPATHIC GENERALIZED EPILEPSY (IGE) 3. TRAVEL REGULATIONS FOR PATIENTS WITH EPILEPSY 4. AUTOIMMUNE CAUSES OF EPILEPSY 5. PEDIATRIC SEIZURES 6. PEDIATRIC EPILEPSY SYNDROMES 1. GAMT deficiency: 3. West syndrome 4. LKS 5. Myoclonic–atonic 6. JME 7. Rasmussen’s 8. Sunflower 9. Jeavons syndrome 10. Gray matter 11. CAE 12. GRIIN 2a 13. CHRN a2 14. SLC2a1 2. Dravet SMEI: 7. NON-EPILEPTIC SYNDROMES 8. MESS TRIAL—RECURRENCE 9. LOCALIZATION-RELATED EPILEPSY (LRE) 10. SPECIAL INVESTIGATIONS IN EPILEPSY 11. DRUG TREATMENT OF EPILSEPSY 12. STIMULATION TREATMENT FOR EPILEPSY 13. SPECIFIC SIDE EFFECTS RELATED TO ANTIEPILEPTIC DRUGS (AEDs) 14. SEIZURES AND PSYCHIATRY 15. SYMPTOMATIC OR PROVOKED SEIZURES 16. RISK OF PSYCHOSIS IN EPILEPSY IF 17. RISK OF SUDEP (SUDDEN UNEXPLAINED DEATH IN EPILEPSY) IF 18. UK ECLAMPSIA TRIAL DEFINITIONS 19. SPECIFIC OR DIAGNOSTIC EEG AND MRI FINDINGS IN EPILEPSY 1. LGS 3. Anti-NMDA- 4. Anti-LG1- 5. Anti-DPPX 6. GFAP disease 20. WWE (WOMEN WITH EPILEPSY) Chapter 3 Disorders of Cranial Nerves and Visual System Abbreviations 1. DISORDERS OF THE VISUAL SYSTEM CRANIAL NERVES 2. DISORDERS OF THE TRIGEMINAL NERVE 1.TN 2. TTS 3. DISORDERS OF THE FACIAL NERVE 1. Bell’s palsy 2. Ramsay Hunt 3. Melkersson– 4. DISORDERS OF THE LOWER CRANIAL NERVES 1. Numb chin syndrome 2. Tapia syndrome 3. Radiation neuropathy 5. NEURO-OPHTHALMOLOGY Anisocoria Figure 3.4 Approach to anisocoria. Horner's Syndrome Causes of different types of Horner’s syndrome Figure 3.5 Diagrammatic representation of causes of Horner’s syndrome. 6. SPECIFIC SYNDROMES IN NEURO-OPHTHALMOLOGY 1. ARP 2. INO 3. One-and-a-half 4. Eight-and-a-half 5. WEBINO 6. III nerve lesions 7. Superior Oblique 8. Horizontal diplopia 7. INFECTIOUS DISEASES INVOLVING THE NERVOUS SYSTEM AND EYE 1. HsCJD 2. THS 8. INFLAMMATORY DISEASES INVOLVING THE EYE 1. ON 2. CRION 3. Graves’ 4. NA-ION 9. CONGENITAL DISORDERS INVOLVING THE EYE 1. CPEO 2. LHON 3. Harding’s syndrome 10. ION—ISCHEMIC OPTIC NEUROPATHY Chapter 4 Disorders of Peripheral Nerves, Motor Neuron and Muscle—Part 1: Disorders of Peripheral Nerve and Motor Neuron Abbreviations 1. PERIPHERAL NEUROPATHY Table 4.1 Differential Diagnosis of Neuropathy Based on Involvement (Continued) Anti-MAG Antibody Neuropathy CANOMAD Wartenberg Migratory Sensory Neuritis CMT (Charcot–Marie–Tooth Disease) Classification of CMT Figure 4.1 Genetic abnormalities in different types of CMT/ HSMN. HNPP How to Say Whether There Is a Possibility of an Inherited Neuropathy or an AcquiredDisease? MMN-CB 2. MOTOR SYSTEM DISORDERS MND Table 4.4 Difference between MND and MMN-CB BOX 4.3 IMPORTANT POINTS ABOUT MND FOR EXAM SBMA (Kennedy Disease) SMA (Spinal Muscular Atrophy) Table 4.5 Types of SMA 3. AUTONOMIC SYSTEM NEUROPATHIES AAG (Autoimmune Autonomic Ganglionopathy) PAF (Pure Autonomic Failure) POTS (Postural Orthostatic Tachycardia + Joint Hypermobility Syndrome) Transthyretin Neuropathy 4. OTHER COMMON CLINICAL NEUROPATHIES Diabetes Neuropathies: Types BOX 4.5 PATHOGENESIS OF DIABETES NEUROPATHIES BOX 4.6 DM AUTONOMIC NEUROPATHY BOX 4.7 DM AMYOTROPHY/PLEXOPATHY Inflammatory Radiculoneuropathies (AIDP/CIDP) BOX 4.8 SIDS-GBS BOX 4.9 PROBABILITY OF MOBILITY IN GBS Figure 4.2 Variants of GBS/AIDP described in literature. Concept of Nodo-Paranodopathies BOX 4.10 EXAMPLE OF A CASE SCENARIO OFNODO-PARANODOPATHY WOULD BE Infectious Poly-Radiculitis BOX 4.11 AN EXAMPLE OF A CASE SCENARIO OF INFECTIOUSPOLYRADICULITIS WILL BE Vasculitis and Vasculitis Neuropathy a. PAN b. ANCA vasculitis d. Cryoglobulinemia Toxic Peripheral Neuropathies Table 4.8 Common Toxin-Related Neuropathies Monoclonal Gammopathy BOX 4.12 EXAMPLE OF A MONOCLONAL GAMMOPATHYASSOCIATEDNEUROPATHY 5. UPPER LIMB NEUROPATHIES Neuralgic Amyotrophy Hirayama Monomelic Amyotrophy Nerveroot How to Differentiate Ulnar Neuropathy v/s C8 Neuropathy Other Specific Entrapment or Compression Syndromes 6. PELVIC AND LOWER LIMB NEUROPATHIES Diabetic Lumbosacral Amyotrophy Femoral Neuropathy Figure 4.3 Schematic representation of clinical features of lower limb neuropathies. Obturator Neuropathy Specific Nerve Involvement in Lower Limb How to differentiate between Sciatica + S1 Radiculopathy How to differentiate between Peroneal neuropathy + L5 Radiculopathy Localization of Foot Drop Chapter 5 Disorders of Peripheral Nerves, Motor Neuron and Muscle—Part 2: Muscle Diseases Abbreviations 1. IDENTIFYING FEATURES OF COMMONLY ASKED MUSCLE DISEASESIN EXAM 2. DISTAL MYOPATHIES 3. MUSCLE DYSTROPHIES IDENTIFYING FEATURES 4. METABOLIC MYOPATHIES 5. MITOCHONDRIAL MYOPATHIES 6. MYOPATHIES WITH EARLY RESPIRATORY WEAKNESS 7. CONGENITAL MYOPATHIES 8. PERIODIC PARALYSIS (PP) AND CHANNELOPATHIES 9. NON-DYSTROPHIC MYOTONIA 10. FOURNIER PATTERNS: (SET/LET) Figure 5.3 Clinical and electrophysiological triads of LEMS. 11. LAMBERT–EATON MYASTHENIA SYNDROME (LEMS) Diagnosis 12. MYASTHENIA GRAVIS-LEMS OVERLAP Chapter 6 Disorders of the Spinal Cord Abbreviations 1. SPINAL CORD SYNDROMES 2. CERVICAL SPINAL CORD INJURY 3. SPECIFIC SPINAL CORD DISEASES 4. CAUDA AND CONUS SYNDROMES 5. ASIA SCALE LEVELS Chapter 7 Neuro-Genetics Abbreviations 1. INHERITED AND CONGENITAL DISEASES 2. TRINUCLEOTIDE/NUCLEOTIDE EXPANSION DISEASES CAG repeats GAA repeats CTG repeats CGG repeats GCN repeats Untitled 3. IMPORTANT GENETIC CONSIDERATIONS IN EPILEPSY 4. PARKINSON'S DISEASE GENETICS 5. GENETICS IN OTHER DEGENERATIVE DISEASES 6. MISCELLANEOUS GENES IMPORTANT IN NEUROLOGY Chapter 8 Neuro-Endocrinology and Neuro-Toxicology Abbreviations 1. NUTRITIONAL DISORDERS OF THE NERVOUS SYSTEM Figure 8.1 MRI brain T2/FLAIR in a patient of Wernicke Encephalopathy:Showing hyperintensities around the III ventricle in mid-brain and inbilateral thalamus 2. MIE 3. Celiac disease 4. Copper deficiency 2. STORAGE DISEASES 1. NP-C 2. Gaucher disease 3. KRS 3. ENDOCRINOLOGICAL DISORDERS AFFECTING THE NERVOUS SYSTEM 1. TPP 2. Myxedema 3. Addison 4. AIP/PRES 4. TOXIC DISEASES 1. Lead toxicity 2. Ciguatera toxin 3. TCA drugs 4. SS 5. OP 6. Platinum compounds 7. Vitamin B6 toxicity 8. Methanol toxicity Putaminal necrosis: Seen in 5. NEURO-OTOLOGY 5. Anterior/superior 6. Horizontal/Lateral 7. PST/TT 8. VP 9. MdDS 10. PLF 11. Mèniére’s disease 12. Sudden-onset giddiness, ataxia and vertigo 6. STATISTICS: SOME IMPORTANT FORMULAE Figure 8.3 Figure 8.4 Calculation of sensitivity, specificity, PPV and NPV. 7. ETHICS Chapter 9 Neuro-Inflammatory Diseases Abbreviations 1. CNS INFLAMMATORY DISORDERS AND AUTOIMMUNE ENCEPHALITIS 1. ADEM 2. Anti-NMDA 3. MFS 4. BBE 5. CLIPPERS 6. SREAT 7. PERM 8. Anti-DPPX 2. PARANEOPLASTIC ENCEPHALITIS SYNDROMES 1. OMS 2. Anti-Tr 4. Anti-GABA-A 5. Kelch-like protein 6. Carcinomatous 7. Anti-Hu antibody 3. IMMUNE-MEDIATED NEUROMUSCULAR DISORDERS 2. MG 3. ICI-MG 4. LEMS 5. Paraneoplastic 6. Bing–Neel 4. MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS (MS) DIAGNOSTIC CRITERIA 5. LESIONS IN CNS DEMYELINATION DISORDERS Figure 9.1 Chapter 10 Neuroradiology and Neuropathology 1.BASICS OF CT AND MRI 2. CHIARI MALFORMATION 3. NEUROIMAGING IN INFECTIONS Figure 10.3 Diagrammatic representation of MRI findings in CNS lymphoma. Figure 10.3 Diagrammatic representation of MRI findings in CNS lymphoma. Figure 10.4 Axial MRI (DWI, T2 and T1-contrast) showing left frontalabscess. Figure 10.6 Axial DWI MRI images showing cortical ribboning inCJD. 4. NEUROIMAGING IN INFLAMMATORY DISEASES Figure 10.7 a,b: Empty sella; c,d,e: Thickened, enhancing optic nerve and flattened posteriorglobe; f: Transverse-sigmoid sinus stenosis. Figure 10.8 Axial MRI showing FLAIR hyperintensities inventral pons in a patient of CPM. 5. NEUROIMAGING IN NEURODEGENERATION AND POISONINGS Figure 10.9 NCCT head, MRI-T2 and SWI images in a patientof FAHR syndrome. Differential Diagnosis/Causes of Basal Ganglia Calcification Figure 10.10 Sagittal MRI showing the A (midbrain) and B(pons) for calculation of A/B ratio. 4. MLD Figure 10.11 Schematic representation of findings in A.Alexander disease, B. X-ALD and C. MLD. 5. Manganese deposition 6. CO poisoning Figure 10.12 Axial T2 and FLAIR MRI images showingbilateral pallidus involvement in CO poisoning. 7. Marchiafava–Bignami 8. Valproate (VPA)– 6. NEUROIMAGING IN TUMOURS 1. Pituitary tumours 2. AT 3. Colloid cyst 4. CP angle tumours 7. NEUROPATHOLOGY Neuro-fibrillary tangles 3. FTD 4. CBD 5. DLBD 6. MELAS 7. Tomacula or 8. Prions Chapter 11 Cognitive Disorders and Dementia Abbreviations 1. CLINICAL TESTS 2. LOCALIZATIONS OF COMMON CLINICAL SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS Left parietal lobe 3. Non-dominant (Right 4. Left anterior temporal 5. Anterior thalamic 6. Left thalamus 7. Right Anterior nucleus 8. Bilateral medial frontal 9. Caudate infarct 3. PPA: PRIMARY PROGRESSIVE APHASIA Figure 11.1 MRI brain 2. LvPPA 3. Agrammatic PNFA 4. PP-AOS Figure 11.3 Differentiating between different types of aphasia. 4. CCAS: CEREBELLAR COGNITIVE AFFECTIVE SYNDROME 5. ELDERLY DEGENERATIVE DEMENTIAS 1. LBD/DLBD 2. AD Figure 11.4 MRI coronal and PET imaging in 3. PCA Figure 11.5 Sagittal and coronal MRI in a 4. NPH 5. CAA 6. NPH: FEATURES OF DESH FTD bvFTD clinical features mnemonic: (A-B-C-D-E-F) and its localization 7. EARLY-ONSET AD (