Pashas, begs, and effendis : a historical dictionary of titles and terms in the Ottoman Empire

A glossary of Ottoman historical terms by Gustav Bayerle. Pashas, Begs, and Effendis: A Historical Dictionary of Titles and Terms in the Ottoman Empire 4 Foreword 6 A 8 B 20 C 33 Ç 36 D 39 E 51 F 71 G 73 H 79 I 90 İ 90 J 95 K 95 L 108 M 109 N 124 O 127 Ö 130 P 130 R 132 S 136 Ş 146 T 150 U 159 Ü 160 V 161 Y 165 Z 169 Abbreviations of Works Cited 172