Parliamentary Power in Russia, 1994-2001: A New Era

This book is the first study of the power of the Russian Parliament in the policy process from 1994-2001, within the context of executive-legislative relations. It challenges the widely held view that between 1994 and 2001 Russia had a presidential system with a strong, authoritarian leader who ruled by decree and a weak parliament which did not have much power. This Is The First Study Of The Russian Parliament's Influence And Power In The Policy Process From 1994 To 2001. Tiffany Troxel Challenges The Widely Held View That During This Period Russia Operated Under A Presidential System With A Strong, Authoritarian Leader Who Ruled By Decree And A Weak Parliament Which Did Not Wield Much Power. This Book Explains How Relations Between The Executive And Legislature Fluctuated Between Confrontation And Cooperation During This Period. Explanations For This Crucial Trend Include President Boris Yeltsin's Failing Health, The Appointment Of The Parliament's Choice Of Prime Minister Yevgeniy Primakov, Economic Crises, Yeltsin's Diminished Public Support, The Enhanced Ability Of Parliament To Form Coalitions And The Ever-shrinking Areas In Which The President Could Issue Decrees. Parliament's Assertion Of Power And Its Challenge To The Executive's Authority Meant The Introduction Of Significant Checks And Balances. This Is Of Critical Importance To The Development And Stability Of Democracy In Russia.--book Jacket. Introduction: Theoretical Models Of Neo-institutionalism And The Problem Of The Russian Case -- Research Questions And Hypotheses -- Theoretical Importance -- Neo-institutionalism -- Problems With The Neo-institutionalist Literature -- Regime Type Defined -- Structure Of Legislative And Executive Institutions In Russia -- Methodology: Analytical Models -- Constitutional Powers Of The Russian Presidency And Parliament: The 1993 Russian Constitution -- Evaluating Constitutional Powers: Theoretical Review -- A Model For Evaluating The Constitutional Powers Of Presidents And Parliaments -- Legislative Powers -- Non-legislative Powers -- Powers Of The President And Parliament And Regime Type -- The Model Of Constitutional Powers Applied To Russia -- Constitutional Powers Of The Russian President -- Constitutional Powers Of Russia's Parliament -- Constitutional Provisions For Amending The Russian Constitution -- Powers Inherent In The Structural Design Of The Russian Presidency And Parliament -- Definitions Of Political Regimes Based On Structural Factors -- Political Parties In Russia -- Legislative And Executive Committees -- The Chamber -- Actual Legislative Powers Of The Russian President And Parliament: Parliamentary Laws Versus Presidential Decrees -- Actual Powers: Theories And Significance -- The Actual Powers Of The Russian President: Decree Power -- The Actual Powers Of The Russian Parliament: Parliamentary Laws -- Case Study On The Ratification Of The Start Ii Treaty -- Laws Versus Decrees. Tiffany A. Troxel. Includes Bibliographical References (p. 231-246) And Index. The Twentieth Century Posed Great Challenges For British Foreign Policy. How Effectively Did Policymakers Cope With Change And Decline? Were They As Pragmatic As They Claimed? Are There Identifiable Patterns Of Success And Failure? Peter Mangold Seeks To Answer These Questions In This New Thematic Account Of British Foreign Policy Between 1900 And 2000. Issues Covered Include Imperial Overstretch, The Reluctance To Engage Militarily And Politically With Continental Europe, Alliance Management, The Role Of Force, Loss Of Great Power Status, And Britain's Impact On The International System. The Final Chapter Considers Prospects For The Twenty-first Century.--jacket. 1. The Scope Of The Possible -- 2. Ends Beyond Means -- 3. The Limits Of Pragmatism -- 4. Kinds Of Allies -- 5. The Strategic Dimension -- 6. The Sound Barrier -- 7. International Impact -- 8. Patterns And Prognoses -- App. I. Outline Chronology, Main Events Relating To British Foreign Policy, 1900-2000 -- App. Ii. British Foreign Secretaries, 1900-2001. Peter Mangold. Includes Bibliographical References (p. 219-233) And Index. "The twentieth century posed great challenges for British foreign policy. How effectively did policymakers cope with change and decline? Were they as pragmatic as they claimed? Are there identifiable patterns of success and failure?". "Peter Mangold seeks to answer these questions in this new thematic account of British foreign policy between 1900 and 2000. Issues covered include imperial overstretch, the reluctance to engage militarily and politically with continental Europe, alliance management, the role of force, loss of Great Power status, and Britain's impact on the international system. The final chapter considers prospects for the twenty-first century."--BOOK JACKET. A growing interest in political Islam has assumed significant ideological and intellectual dimensions, especially in recent years. Rather than viewing the issue as Islam versus the rest, or tradition against modernity, this volume acknowledges the mutualities without overlooking the tensions. It centers on issues such as the Rushdie affair, conflictive pluralism in South Asia and Islam's links with the Kashmir dispute, the Iranian revolution, civil war in Afghanistan, and western public diplomacy. "This book gives an economic perspective to the analysis of deforestation. Following a survey of different deforestation definitions, theories and empirical evidence, a case-study of Ecuador provides a versatile historical picture of factors influencing forest loss throughout different periods, regions and ecosystems."--BOOK JACKET. On 21 September 1993 President Boris Yel'tsin unconstitutionally dissolved the Russian Congress of People's Deputies (CPD) and the Supreme Soviet (the legislative branch) by issuing Decree 1400 and called for a new legislature, the Federal Assembly, to assume power.