Oxygen Transport To Tissue Xi (advances In Experimental Medicine And Biology)

The Ottawa '88 meeting of the International Society for Oxygen Transport to Tissue attracted a record number of participants and presentations. We were able to avoid simultaneous sessions and still keep the scientific program to four days by using poster sessions followed by plenary debate on each poster. To paraphrase the British physicist David Bohm, we tried to avoid an ordinary discussion, in which people usually stick to a relatively fixed position and try to convince others to change. This situation does not give rise to anything creative. So, we attempted instead to establish a true dialogue in which a person may prefer and support a certain point of view, but does not hold it nonnegotiab1y. He or she is ready to listen to others with sufficient sympathy, and is also ready to change his or her own view if there is a good reason to do so. Our Society is in its "teen" years, and there are even some arguments about its exact age. Many newer members have raised questions concerning the history of the Society. For this reason, I have asked one of the "founding fathers", D. Bruley, to prepare a brief account of the birth and early history of the Society which appears on the following page. Front Matter....Pages i-xxiv Front Matter....Pages 1-1 Multicomponent Analysis of Near-Infrared Spectra of Anesthetized Rat Head: (I) Estimation of Component Spectra by Principal Component Analysis....Pages 3-10 Multicomponent Analysis of Near-Infrared Spectra of Anesthetized Rat Head: (II) Quantitative Multivariate Analysis of Hemoglobin and Cytochrome Oxidase by Non-Negative Least Squares Method....Pages 11-20 Time Resolved Spectroscopic (TRS) and Continuous Wave Spectroscopic (CWS) Studies of Photon Migration in Human Arms and Limbs....Pages 21-31 A CCD Spectrophotometer to Quantitate the Concentration of Chromophores in Living Tissue Utilising the Absorption Peak of Water at 975 nm....Pages 33-40 Quantitation of Pathlength in Optical Spectroscopy....Pages 41-46 Determination of Cerebral Venous Hemoglobin Saturation by Derivative Near Infrared Spectrosocpy....Pages 47-53 Near Infrared Determined Cerebral Transit Time and Oxy- and Deoxyhemoglobin Relationships During Hemorrhagic Hypotension in the Dog....Pages 55-62 Near Infrared Quadruple Wavelength Spectrophotometry of the Rat Head....Pages 63-69 The Oxygen Dependency of the Redox State of Heme and Copper in Cytochrome Oxidase In Vitro ....Pages 71-76 Exponential Attenuation of Light Along Nonlinear Path Through the Biological Model....Pages 77-80 Behavior of the Copper Band of Cytochrome C Oxidase in Rat Brain During FC-43-for-Blood Substitution....Pages 81-90 Toward Absolute Reflectance Oximetry: I. Theoretical Consideration for Noninvasive Tissue Reflectance Oximetry....Pages 91-102 New Instrument for Monitoring Hemoglobin Oxygenation....Pages 103-107 Oxygen Distribution in Isolated Perfused Liver Observed by Phosphorescence Imaging....Pages 109-115 Front Matter....Pages 117-117 The Use of Conductive Thermoplastic Wires as Oxygen Sensors in Microwave Fields....Pages 119-124 Microelectrode Studies of Facilitated O 2 Transport Across Hemoglobin and Myoglobin Layers....Pages 125-135 Potentiometric Polarographic PO 2 Electrode (PO 2 -PPE)....Pages 137-140 The Hydrogen GAS Clearance Method for Liver Blood Flow Examination: Inhalation or Local Application of Hydrogen?....Pages 141-149 The Overall Fractionation Effect of Isotopic Oxygen Molecules During Oxygen Transport and Utilization in Humans....Pages 151-156 Evaluation of a Heparin-Coated PO 2 Electrode for Continuous Intravasal PO 2 Monitoring....Pages 157-162 Front Matter....Pages 163-163 Buffering of Muscle Tissue PO 2 Levels by the Superposition of the Oxygen Field from Many Capillaries....Pages 165-174 Effects of Red Cell Spacing and Red Cell Movement Upon Oxygen Release Under Conditions of Maximally Working Skeletal Muscle....Pages 175-185 Calculation of Oxygen Pressures and Fluxes in a Flat Plane Perpendicular to Any Capillary Distribution....Pages 187-196 Structured Modeling and Simulation of Oxygen Transport to Hybridoma Cell in a Suspension Culture: Theoretical Analysis....Pages 197-206 Relationship Between the Transfer Rate and the Difference in Partial Pressure of Gas Molecules at a Heterogeneous Interface....Pages 207-214 Measurements of Oxygen Flux from Arterioles Imply High Permeability of Perfused Tissue to Oxygen....Pages 215-225 Po 2 Histograms in Various Models of Tissue Oxygenation in Skeletal Muscle....Pages 227-237 Front Matter....Pages 239-239 Spatial Distribution of Coronary Capillaries: A-V Segment Staggering....Pages 241-247 Fractal Networks Explain Regional Myocardial Flow Heterogeneity....Pages 249-257 Capillary Spatial Pattern and Muscle Fiber Geometry in Three Hamster Striated Muscles....Pages 259-270 Quantifying Capillary Distribution in Four Dimensions....Pages 271-280 Influence of Muscle Phenotype on Local Capillary Supply....Pages 281-291 Computer Simulation of Cerebral Microhemodynamics....Pages 293-304 Muscle Fiber Size and Chronic Exposure to Hypoxia....Pages 305-311 Capillary Lengths and Anastomoses in Rat Hindlimb Muscles, Studied by Aquablak Perfusion During Rest Versus Exercise....Pages 313-322 Front Matter....Pages 323-323 Myocardial Oxygen Transport During Leftward Shifts of the Oxygen Dissociation Curve by Carbamylation or Hypothermia....Pages 325-333 Low Viscosity of Densely and Highly Polymerized Human Hemoglobin in Aqueous Solution — the Problem Of Stability....Pages 335-340 The Nature of Fluorocarbon Enhanced Cerebral Oxygen Transport....Pages 341-355 The Effect of Fluorocarbon Emulsion on Placental Insufficiency....Pages 357-364 Adenosine Deaminase in Stroma-Free Hemoglobin Solution is Not Responsible for Coronary Vasoconstriction....Pages 365-370 Front Matter....Pages 323-323 Oxygen Binding of Modified Hemoglobins in Solution....Pages 371-376 Intrauterine Growth Retardation Related to Maternal Erythrocyte Oxygen Transport....Pages 377-386 Tissue Oxygenation after Prolonged Ischemia in Skeletal Muscle: Therapeutic Effect of Prophylactic Isovolemic Hemodilution....Pages 387-395 Hyperoxic Intubation Apnoea: An In Vivo Model for the Proof of the Christiansen-Douglas-Haldane Effect....Pages 397-405 Fractionation of Oxygen Isotopes Due to Equilibration of Oxygen with Hemoglobin....Pages 407-411 The Effect of Hyperchylomicronaemia on Oxygen Affinity in Human Blood....Pages 413-418 Alterations in Oxyhemoglobin Dissociation Curve During Normoxic Acute Normovolemic Hemodilution....Pages 419-425 Front Matter....Pages 427-427 Effects of Nimodipine on the Responses to Cerebral Ischemia in the Mongolian Gerbil....Pages 429-438 Hematocrit Changes in the Extra- and Intraparenchymal Circulation of the Feline Brain Cortex in the Course of Global Cerebral Ischemia....Pages 439-449 Tissue Oxygen Tension in the Cerebral Cortex of the Rabbit....Pages 451-460 The Effect of Calcium Entry Blocker S-Emopamil on Cerebrocortical Metabolism and Blood Flow Changes Evoked by Graded Hypotension....Pages 461-470 Changes in Regional Cerebral Blood Flow and Sucrose Space after 3-4 Weeks of Hypobaric Hypoxia (0.5 ATM)....Pages 471-477 Effect of Emopamil on Cerebrocortical Microcirculation During Hypoxia and Reactive Hyperemia and on [K + ] e , pH, pO 2 Changes During and After N 2 Anoxia....Pages 479-487 Front Matter....Pages 489-489 Limitation of Long Chain Fatty Acid Oxidation in Volume Overloaded Rat Hearts....Pages 491-497 Hypoxia in Saline-Perfused Heart May be Due to Mismatch of Regional Metabolism and Perfusion....Pages 499-507 Oxygen Delivery and Performance in the Isolated, Perfused Rat Heart: Comparison of Perfusion with Aqueous and Perfluorocarbon-Containing Media....Pages 509-516 The Effect of IABP Ventricular Contractility of the Normal and Ischemic Canine Heart Assessed in Situ by T-Emax....Pages 517-525 The Influence of Different Anesthetics on the Oxygen Delivery to and Consumption of the Heart....Pages 527-532 Mechanism of Hemoglobin-Induced Spasm in the Isolated Middle Cerebral Artery of the Cat....Pages 533-542 Variation in Axial Velocity Profile of Red Cells Passing Through A Single Capillary....Pages 543-550 Front Matter....Pages 489-489 31 P NMR Studies of the Metabolic Status of Pig Hearts Preserved for Transplantation....Pages 551-560 Oxygen Supply of the Myocardium....Pages 561-566 The Oxygen Dependence of the Energy State of Cardiac Tissue: 3 1 P-NMR and Optical Measurement of Myoglobin in Perfused Rat Heart....Pages 567-573 The Interaction Between Oxygen and Vascular Wall....Pages 575-581 Regulation of Capillary Blood Flow: A New Concept....Pages 583-589 Precapillary O 2 Loss and Arteriovenous O 2 Diffusion Shunt are Below Limit of Detection in Myocardium....Pages 591-599 Regional Differences in the Regulation of Contraction-Relaxation Machinery of Vascular Smooth Muscle....Pages 601-609 The Effects of Temperature and Buffer Concentration on the Metabolism of Human Atrial Appendages Measured by 31 P and 1 H NMR....Pages 611-619 Effects of Leukocyte-Derived Oxidants on Sarcolemmal NA,K,ATP-ASE and Calcium Transport....Pages 621-628 Hemodynamic Responses to Vasoactive Compounds in Chronically Alcohol Treated Rats....Pages 629-639 Does the Area at Risk of Infarction Change Over Time?....Pages 641-652 Hemodilution and Myocardial Oxygen Supply. The Influence of Fluosol-DA....Pages 653-661 The Effect of Acetylcholine on Regional Myocardial O 2 Consumption and Coronary Blood Flow in the Rabbit Heart....Pages 663-671 Influences of Different Routinely Used Muscle Relaxants on Oxygen Delivery to and Oxygen Consumption by the Heart During Xenon-Anesthesia....Pages 673-678 Front Matter....Pages 679-679 Central Reflex Effects of Hypoxia on Muscle Oxygenation....Pages 681-685 How Phosphocreatine Buffers Cyclic Changes in ATP Demand in Working Muscle....Pages 687-692 Capillary Blood Flow and Local Oxygen Supply in Skeletal Muscle During Acute Haemodilution with Hydroxyethyl Starch....Pages 693-698 Influence of Prostaglandin E 1 on Muscular Tissue-PO 2 in Patients with Diabetic Gangrene....Pages 699-704 Maximal O 2 Uptake Limitation in Contracting Skeletal Muscle During Carbon Monoxide Hypoxia....Pages 705-712 Development of Muscular Tissue PO 2 After Vascular Reconstructive Surgery....Pages 713-718 Front Matter....Pages 679-679 Spatial and Temporal Variability of Blood Flow in Stimulated Dog Gastrocnemius Muscle....Pages 719-728 Muscle O 2 Uptake While Perfused at Constant Pressure with Normoxic Blood During Global Hypoxia....Pages 729-734 Localized Heterogeneity of Red Cell Velocity in Skeletal Muscle at Rest and After Contraction....Pages 735-743 Front Matter....Pages 745-745 Reversal of Carbon Monoxide-Cytochrome C Oxidase Binding by Hyperbaric Oxygen In Vivo ....Pages 747-754 Cytoprotective Effect of Isotonic Mannitol at Low Oxygen Tension....Pages 755-762 Oxygen Diffusion Through Mitochondrial Membranes....Pages 763-767 Effects of Different Inspiratory/Expiratory (I/E) Ratios and Peep-Ventilation on Blood Gases and Hemodynamics in Dogs with Severe Respiratory Distress Syndrome (RDS)....Pages 769-777 Improved Arterial Oxygenation and CO 2 Elimination Following Changes from Volume-Generated Peep Ventilation with Inspiratory/Expiratory(I/E) Ratio of 1:2 to Pressure-Generated Ventilation with I/E Ratio of 4:1 in Patients with Severe Adult Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS)....Pages 779-786 Electrochemical Study of Oxygen Behaviour with Lung Surfactant....Pages 787-794 Chinese Herbal Medicine Increases Tissue Oxygen Tension....Pages 795-801 The Influence of a Temporary Cessation and Reperfusion of Intestinal Blood Flow on the Level of Hepatic Lipid Peroxides....Pages 803-808 Oxygen Gradients in Two Regions of the Epiphyseal Growth Plate....Pages 809-815 Front Matter....Pages 817-817 31 P Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Measurements of ATPase Kinetics in Malignant Tumors....Pages 819-827 Contribution of Diffusion to the Oxygen Dependence of Energy Metabolism in Human Neuroblastoma Cells....Pages 829-833 Blood Flow, Tissue Oxygenation, pH Distribution, and Energy Metabolism of Murine Mammary Adenocarcinomas During Growth....Pages 835-845 Interrelationship Among Morphology, Metabolism, and Proliferation of Tumor Cells in Monolayer and Spheroid Culture....Pages 847-853 Front Matter....Pages 855-855 Tissue Engineering....Pages 857-858 Back Matter....Pages 859-868 Proceedings of the conference held August 1988. The present volume has been prepared from the authors' (legible) typescripts. Comprises some 96 papers on the subject, along with a brief account (by D. Bruley) of the birth and early history of the Society. Sections treat optimal spectroscopy of living tissue; other methods and instrumentation; mathematical models; tissue geometry; blood and blood substitutes; central nervous and cardiovascular systems; skeletal muscle; other organs and tissues; and tumors