OXYGEN: Basis of the Regulation of Vital Functions in the Fetus

an adequate oxygen supply is vital for the undisturbed development of the fetus and its functions. This book gives a synopsis of the ruling influence that oxygen has in multiple regulation sytems in the mother and especially in the fetus. The authors consider oxygen as a manipulated variable or as a corrective element during normal pregnancy, during delivery and during acute and chronic oxygen deficiency. Furthermore, they deal with the consequences that oxygen deficiency has on the fetus. Front Matter....Pages I-XVI Front Matter....Pages 1-1 Fetal Oxygen Supply — Historical Considerations....Pages 3-11 Oxygen and Animal Metabolism: General and Comparative Aspects....Pages 12-24 Maternal Vascular Adaptation to Improve Oxygen Supply....Pages 25-32 Oxygen Deficiency During Fetal Development and Delivery — Speculations About Clinical Conditions....Pages 33-45 Fetal Breathing Movements in Normoxia and in Hypoxia....Pages 46-51 Maternal Respiration — Its Effect on the Fetus....Pages 52-59 Front Matter....Pages 61-61 Influence of Maternal Oxygen Inhalation on Uteroplacental and Fetal Perfusion Measured by Doppler Sonography in Patients with Preterm Labor....Pages 63-64 Interpretation of FHR Patterns of SGA Fetuses in Correlation to Fetal Blood Gas Values Obtained Via Cordocentesis....Pages 65-67 Front Matter....Pages 69-69 Oxygen Supply to the Fetus and Fetal Hypoxemia....Pages 71-76 The Role of the Sympathetic Nervous System in Preventing Brain Damage During Perinatal Asphyxia....Pages 77-107 The Response and Vulnerability of Cerebral Blood Vessels to Fetal Hypoxemia....Pages 108-116 Breathing Movements in the Human Fetus in Normoxia and Hypoxia....Pages 117-121 Fetal Hypoxemia as a Signal for Parturition....Pages 122-128 Regional Abnormalities of Cerebral Energy Metabolism Following Birth Asphyxia....Pages 129-137 Fetal Heat Flux and Oxygen Tension During Asphyxia....Pages 138-143 Front Matter....Pages 145-145 Brain Blood Flow and the Dynamics of Circulatory Centralization During Acute Asphyxia in Intact and Chemically Sympathectomized Fetal Sheep....Pages 147-149 Dynamics of Circulatory Centralization During Acute Asphyxia in Preterm and Term Fetal Sheep....Pages 150-151 Regional Brain Blood Flow and Oxygen Delivery in Guinea Pig Fetuses Near Term....Pages 152-153 Plasma and Tissue Concentrations of Catecholamines During Normoxemia, Hypoxemia, and Asphyxia in Fetal Guinea Pigs Near Term....Pages 154-155 Cardiovascular Effects of Endotoxin and Asphyxia in Fetal Sheep Near Term....Pages 156-157 Front Matter....Pages 159-159 Indications for the Involvement of a Hemoprotein as an Oxygen Pressure Sensor Protein in the Carotid Body....Pages 161-165 Role of Erythropoietin in the Regulation of Red Cell Production in Children Before and After Birth....Pages 166-173 Oxygen Availability Determines Oxygen Consumption of Fetal Skeletal Muscle Cells in Monolayer Culture: Preliminary Report....Pages 174-177 Endothelial Cells as Part of a Vascular Oxygen-Sensing System: Hypoxia-Induced Release of Autacoids....Pages 178-187 Oxygen Transport in the Early Embryo....Pages 188-193 Laser Doppler Flowmetry and Fetal Oxygenation....Pages 194-202 Front Matter....Pages 203-203 Blood Flow to the Yolk Sac Placenta as a Function of Arterial Oxygen Content....Pages 205-206 Front Matter....Pages 207-207 Development of Chemoreflexes Affecting Breathing: Influence of Chronic Hypoxia....Pages 209-216 Restricted Fetal Oxygen Supply: A Cause of Intrauterine Growth Retardation?....Pages 217-222 Regulation of Perinatal Pulmonary Blood Flow: Role of Oxygen....Pages 223-230 Front Matter....Pages 231-231 Cardiovascular Responses to Acute Asphyxia in Carotid Sinus Denervated and Intact Fetal Sheep Near Term....Pages 233-234 Back Matter....Pages 235-241