Oxy-fuel Combustion : Fundamentals, Theory and Practice

Oxy-fuel Combustion: Fundamentals, Theory and Practice provides a comprehensive review of various aspects of oxy-fuel combustion technology, including its concept, fundamental theory, pilot practice, large-scale feasibility studies and related practical issues, such as the commissioning and operation of an oxy-fuel combustion plant. Oxy-fuel combustion, as the most practical large-scale carbon capture power generation technology, has attracted significant attention in the past two decades. As significant progress has been achieved in worldwide demonstration and the oxy-combustion concept confirmed by Schwartze Pump, CUIDEN, Callide, Ponferrada and Yingcheng projects in the past five years, this book provides a timely addition for discussion and study. Covers oxy-fuel combustion technology Includes concepts, fundamentals, pilots and large-scale feasibility studies Considers related practical issues, such as the commissioning and operation of an oxy-fuel combustion plant Focuses on theories and methods closely related to engineering practice 6.3.2 Effect of H2O on Pyrite Thermal Decomposition During Oxy-fuel Combustion -- 6.3.3 Transformation Pathway of Pyrite Thermal Decomposition in Oxy-fuel Combustion -- 6.4 Characteristics of Ash Melting and Slag in Oxy-Fuel Conditions -- 6.4.1 Samples and Experiment -- 6.4.2 Mineral in Coal and LTA -- 6.4.3 Thermal Analysis of Coal and LTA -- 6.4.4 Thermal Behavior in Different Atmospheres -- 6.4.5 Vaporization of Mineral Elements -- References -- Chapter 7: Mercury Behavior and Retention in Oxy-fuel Combustion -- 7.1 Introduction -- 7.2 Hg Partition During Oxy-Fuel Combustion -- 7.3 Field Measurement of Hg Distribution During Oxy-Fuel Combustion -- 7.4 Hg Removal in Oxy-Fuel Flue Gas -- 7.4.1 Mercury Oxidation Over Selective Reduction of NOx (SCR) Catalysts -- 7.4.2 Mercury Removal by Carbon-Based Sorbents -- 7.4.3 Mercury Removal by Metal Oxides [47] -- 7.5 Effect of Hg on Oxy-Fuel CO2 Compression -- 7.6 Summary -- References -- Chapter 8: Flame Characteristics of Oxy-fuel Combustion and Burner Design -- 8.1 Introduction -- 8.2 Design Principles of Conventional Pulverized Coal Burner -- 8.2.1 Combustion Modes -- 8.2.2 Swirl Burner Aerodynamics -- 8.2.3 Design Parameter of Swirl Burner Characteristics -- 8.3 Flame Features of Oxy-Fuel Burner -- 8.4 Oxy-Fuel Burner Design Practices -- 8.4.1 Design Principle for Oxy-fuel Burner -- 8.4.2 The Realistic Oxy-Coal Burners -- 8.5 Summary -- References -- Chapter 9: Heat Transfer During Oxy-fuel Combustion and Boiler Design -- 9.1 Introduction -- 9.2 Convective Heat Transfer -- 9.3 Radiative Properties of Gases and Particles -- 9.3.1 The Gas Radiative Models -- 9.3.2 The Particle Radiation -- 9.4 0-Dimensional Calculation Method -- 9.5 Heat Transfer in Oxy-Fuel Combustion Facilities -- 9.6 Summary -- References -- Chapter 10: Pilot and Industrial Demonstration of Oxy-fuel Combustion -- 10.1 Introduction 5.4 SO2 Formation and Emission During Oxy-Fuel Combustion -- 5.4.1 The Behaviors of Organic and Inorganic Sulfur Transformation -- 5.4.2 The Effect of Indigenous Minerals on Transformation of Organic and Inorganic Sulfur -- 5.4.3 The Effect of Added Minerals on the Transformation of Organic and Inorganic Sulfur -- 5.4.4 SO2 Emission During Oxy-fuel Combustion -- 5.4.5 Summary -- 5.5 SO3 Formation and Emission During Oxy-Fuel Combustion -- 5.5.1 Influence of Temperature on SO3 Formation -- 5.5.2 Homogenous Effects on the Conversion of SO2 to SO3 -- 5.5.3 Heterogeneous Effects on the Conversion of SO2 to SO3 -- 5.5.4 SO3 Concentration and Acid Dew Point Temperature Calculation Formula Developments -- 5.5.5 Summary -- 5.6 Efficient Desulfurization During Oxy-Fuel Combustion -- 5.6.1 Calcination and Desulfurization Mechanism of Limestone Under Oxy-fuel Combustion -- 5.6.2 Efficient In-Furnace Desulfurization and Influence of Combustion Conditions and Sorbent Properties in O2/CO2 ... -- System Approach Using Theoretical Analysis on Desulfurization -- Influence of O2 Purity on Desulfurization Efficiency -- Desulfurization Efficiency at Various Initial O2 Concentrations -- Desulfurization Efficiency at Various Temperatures -- Influence of Ca/S Ratio -- Influence of Sorbent Size on Desulfurization Efficiency -- Influence of Sorbent Property -- 5.6.3 Summary -- References -- Chapter 6: Mineral Behavior During Oxy-fuel Combustion -- 6.1 Introduction -- 6.2 Ash Formation During O2/CO2 Combustion of Pulverized Coals -- 6.2.1 Size Distribution of Submicrometer Particles -- 6.2.2 Element Distribution of Submicrometer Particles -- 6.2.3 Composition and Size Distribution of Fly Ash -- 6.3 Transformation Behavior of Iron-Containing Minerals During Oxy-Fuel Combustion -- 6.3.1 Pyrite Transformation in High CO2 Concentration 3.3.3 The Effect of CO2 on the Heterogeneous Ignition of Pulverized Coal at O2/CO2 Environments -- 3.4 Effects of H2O on the Ignition of Pulverized Coal -- 3.4.1 Experimental -- 3.4.2 Experimental Results -- 3.4.3 Modeling -- 3.4.4 Validation of the Model -- 3.4.5 Effect of Steam Physical Properties -- 3.4.6 Effect of Steam Chemical Properties -- 3.5 Summary -- References -- Chapter 4: Pulverized Coal Combustion Characteristics in Oxy-fuel Atmospheres -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.2 The Relationship Between Pulverized Coal Properties and Characteristic Temperatures -- 4.2.1 Samples and Experimental Process -- 4.2.2 Combustion Curves of Different Coals in O2/CO2 Atmosphere -- 4.2.3 Effect of Proximate Analysis, Ultimate Analysis, and Mineral Elements on Characteristic Temperature -- 4.2.4 Conclusions -- 4.3 Effect of H2O on the Combustion Characteristics of Pulverized Coal in an Oxy-Fuel Atmosphere -- 4.3.1 Coal Sample Preparation and Experimental Process -- 4.3.2 Effect of H2O on the Combustion Behaviors of Coal -- 4.3.3 Conclusions -- 4.4 Influence of Evolution of Coal Char Structure on Characteristic Temperature -- 4.4.1 Sample Preparation and Experimental Methods -- 4.4.2 Analysis Instruments and Carbon Burnout Rates of Char -- 4.4.3 SEM Analysis -- 4.4.4 Pore Structure Analysis -- 4.4.5 Raman Analysis -- 4.4.6 Combustion Reactivity Analysis -- 4.4.7 Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 5: Nitrogen and Sulfur Behavior During Oxy-fuel Combustion and Its Retention -- 5.1 Introduction -- 5.2 NO Formation and Emission During Oxy-Fuel Combustion -- 5.2.1 Influence of the Increased CO2 Concentration -- 5.2.2 Influence of the Recycled NO -- 5.2.3 Influence of Coal Rank -- 5.2.4 Homogeneous and Heterogeneous Contributions of CO2 and Recycled NO -- 5.3 Modeling of NOx Conversion Using Detailed Chemical Kinetics 10.2 Small Pilot Facilities -- 10.3 Large Pilot Facilities -- 10.3.1 Vattenfall's Schwarze Pumpe Pilot Plant (Germany) -- 10.3.2 Total's Lacq Pilot Plant (France) -- 10.3.3 CIUDEN's Technology Development Facilities (Spain) -- 10.3.4 COSPL's Callide Oxyfuel Project (Australia) -- 10.3.5 HUST Industrial Project for 35 MWth Oxyfuel Pilot Plant (China) -- 10.4 Learning From Small and Large Pilot Plants Oxy-Fuel Combustion -- 10.4.1 Emission of NOx and SO2 -- 10.4.2 Recommendations for Amplification -- 10.5 Summary -- References -- Chapter 11: System Integration and Optimization for Large Scale Oxy-fuel Combustion Systems -- 11.1 Introduction -- 11.2 Process Characteristics -- 11.2.1 Steady-State Model -- 11.2.2 Simulation Results -- 11.3 Exergy Analysis -- 11.3.1 Methodology -- 11.3.2 Exergy Assessment -- 11.4 Process Integration and Optimization -- 11.4.1 Process Integration -- 11.4.2 Process Optimization -- 11.5 Techno-Economic Evaluation -- 11.5.1 Calculation Method and Assumptions -- 11.5.2 Results Analysis -- 11.6 Summary -- References -- Chapter 12: Control Concepts, Dynamic Behavior and Mode Transition Strategy for Oxy-fuel Combustion Systems -- 12.1 Introduction -- 12.2 Dynamic Modeling and Simulation -- 12.2.1 Pilot Facility -- 12.2.2 Commercial-Scale Plant -- 12.2.3 Subsystems -- 12.3 Control Concepts -- 12.3.1 Pilot Facility -- 12.3.2 Commercial Plant -- 12.4 Dynamic Behavior -- 12.4.1 Pilot Facility -- 12.4.2 Commercial Plant -- 12.5 Mode Switching Strategy -- 12.5.1 Pilot Facility -- 12.5.2 Commercial Plant -- 12.6 Summary -- References -- Chapter 13: Oxygen Production for Oxy-fuel Combustion -- 13.1 Introduction of Cryogenic Air Separation Unit -- 13.2 Chemical Looping Process of Perovskites for High Temperature O2/CO2 Production -- 13.2.1 Introduction of Perovskites for O2/CO2 Production Front Cover -- Oxy-fuel Combustion: Fundamentals, Theory and Practice -- Copyright -- Contents -- Contributors -- Preface -- References -- Chapter 1: Opportunities and Challenges of Oxy-fuel Combustion -- 1.1 Climate Change and Carbon Capture Storage -- 1.1.1 Carbon Emission and Climate Change -- 1.1.2 Status of CCS -- 1.1.3 CO2 Capture Technologies -- 1.1.4 The Concept and Components of Oxy-fuel Combustion Technology -- 1.2 A Brief History of Oxy-fuel Combustion -- 1.2.1 R & D History of Oxy-fuel Combustion -- 1.2.2 Opportunities With Oxy-fuel Combustion -- 1.3 Challenges for Oxy-fuel Combustion -- 1.3.1 Boiler Design -- 1.3.2 Oxygen Production -- 1.3.3 CO2 Purity Requirements and Flue Gas Cleaning -- 1.3.4 Process Integration -- 1.4 About This Book -- References -- Chapter 2: Fundamentals of Oxy-fuel Combustion -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 Effects of CO2 on Combustion Characteristics -- 2.2.1 Burning Velocity in O2/CO2 Atmosphere -- 2.2.2 Adiabatic/Maximum Flame Temperature in O2/CO2 Atmosphere -- 2.2.3 Ignition, Extinction, Flammability, and Flame Instability in O2/CO2 Atmosphere -- 2.2.4 Flame Radiation in O2/CO2 Atmosphere -- 2.3 Effects of CO2 on Reaction Kinetics -- 2.4 Factors Affecting Oxy-Fuel Combustion Behavior -- 2.5 Summary -- References -- Chapter 3: Coal Ignition in Oxy-fuel Combustion Environment -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 Numerical Simulation of the Ignition Process of Pulverized Coal in O2/CO2 Environments -- 3.2.1 Modeling Approach -- 3.2.2 Validation of the Model -- 3.2.3 Ignition Mechanisms -- 3.2.4 Homogeneous Ignition Process -- 3.2.5 Heterogeneous Ignition Process -- 3.3 Effects of CO2 on the Ignition of Pulverized Coal -- 3.3.1 Validation of the Model -- 3.3.2 The Chemical Effect of CO2 on the Homogeneous Ignition of Pulverized Coal at O2/CO2 Environments Contents Contributors Preface 1. Opportunities and Challenges of Oxy-fuel Combustion • Xiaohong Huang, Junjun Guo, Zhaohui Liu, Chuguang Zheng 2. Fundamentals of Oxy-fuel Combustion • Sheng Chen 3. Coal Ignition in Oxy-fuel Combustion Environment • Chun Zou, Lei Cai 4. Pulverized Coal Combustion Characteristics in Oxy-fuel Atmospheres • Liqi Zhang, Baojun Yi 5. Nitrogen and Sulfur Behavior During Oxy-fuel Combustion and Its Retention • Jing Liu, Hao Liu, Xin Guo, Hong Yao, Juan Chen 6. Mineral Behavior During Oxy-fuel Combustion • Liqi Zhang, Yongchun Zhao, Hong Yao 7. Mercury Behavior and Retention in Oxy-fuel Combustion • Jianping Yang, Yongchun Zhao, Junying Zhang, Chuguang Zheng 8. Flame Characteristics of Oxy-fuel Combustion and Burner Design • Junjun Guo, Zhaohui Liu 9. Heat Transfer During Oxy-fuel Combustion and Boiler Design • Junjun Guo, Zhaohui Liu 10. Pilot and Industrial Demonstration of Oxy-fuel Combustion • Zhaohui Liu, Tai Zhang 11. System Integration and Optimization for Large Scale • Oxy-fuel Combustion Systems Bo Jin, Haibo Zhao, Zhaohui Liu 12. Control Concepts, Dynamic Behavior and Mode Transition Strategy for Oxy-fuel Combustion Systems • Bo Jin, Wei Luo, Haibo Zhao, Zhaohui Liu 13. Oxygen Production for Oxy-fuel Combustion • Cong Luo, Jing Liu 14. MILD Oxy-fuel Combustion • Pengfei Li, Fan Hu, Biao Xiong, Jianpeng Zhang, Jianchun Mi 15. Oxy-Steam Combustion • Lei Cai, Chun Zou 16. Chemical Looping Combustion • Baowen Wang, Xin Guo Index __Oxy-fuel Combustion: Fundamentals, Theory and Practice__* Covers oxy-fuel combustion technology * Includes concepts, fundamentals, pilots and large-scale feasibility studies * Considers related practical issues, such as the commissioning and operation of an oxy-fuel combustion plant * Focuses on theories and methods closely related to engineering practice