Oxidative Stress and Cardiorespiratory Function (Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology Book 832)

Cardiorespiratory function is prominently affected by oxidative stress. Cigarette smoking is the archetype of oxidative and nitrative stress and free radical formation. New adverse effects of smoking keep on propping up in research. The chapters provide the comprehensive view of new developments in this area regarding cardiovascular and lung function and muscle catabolism. Alterations in inflammatory cytokines and proteins as well as degradation of muscle proteins due to smoking, by far unrecognized, caused by oxidative stress also are presented. Much less is known about the effect of cognitive stress on vagally-mediated cardiorespiratory function and surprisingly, on vagal immune pathway. The experimental studies also show that clinically important meconium aspiration syndrome contains an oxidative trait which is amenable to antioxidative treatment. This volume creates a source of information on the damaging role of oxidative stress in cardiorespiratory function that has by far not been available. Preface 6 Volume 1: Oxidative Stress and Cardiorespiratory Function 8 Contents 10 Peroxynitrite Induces Degradation of Myosin Heavy Chain via p38 MAPK and Muscle-Specific E3 Ubiquitin Ligases in C2 Skeletal M... 12 1 Introduction 13 2 Methods 14 2.1 Cell Culture 14 2.2 Cell Treatments 14 2.3 Cell Viability 14 2.4 Western Blot Analysis 14 2.5 Protein Loading Control 15 2.6 Statistical Analysis 15 3 Results 15 3.1 Effects of ONOO- on Viability of Myotubes 15 3.2 ONOO- Activates p38 MAPK 15 3.3 ONOO- Upregulates the Muscle-Specific E3s MuRF1 and Atrogin-1 16 3.4 ONOO- Induces a Time-Dependent Degradation of MyHC 16 4 Discussion 17 References 18 Alterations in the Coagulation System of Active Smokers from the Ludwigshafen Risk and Cardiovascular Health (LURIC) Study 20 1 Introduction 21 2 Methods 21 2.1 Study Population 21 2.2 Laboratory Procedures 21 2.3 Statistical Analysis 21 3 Results 22 4 Discussion 23 5 Conclusions 24 References 24 C-Reactive Protein and Lipoprotein-Associated Phospholipase A2 in Smokers and Nonsmokers of the Ludwigshafen Risk and Cardiova... 26 1 Introduction 27 2 Methods 28 3 Results 28 4 Discussion 31 References 33 Green Tea Drinking Improves Erythrocytes and Saliva Oxidative Status in the Elderly 35 1 Introduction 36 2 Methods 36 2.1 Green Tea/Placebo Analysis 37 2.2 Subjects 37 2.3 Experimental Design 37 2.4 Blood Analysis 37 2.5 Saliva Analysis 38 2.6 Statistical Analysis 38 3 Results 39 4 Discussion 39 References 42 Cardiovascular Effects of N-acetylcysteine in Meconium-Induced Acute Lung Injury 44 1 Introduction 45 2 Methods 45 2.1 General Design of Experiments 45 2.2 Measurement and Evaluation of Cardiopulmonary Parameters 47 2.3 Biochemical Analysis of Blood Plasma 47 2.4 Statistical Analysis 47 3 Results 47 3.1 Cardiovascular Parameters 47 3.2 Biochemical Markers of Meconium-Induced Injury 48 3.3 Correlations Between Biochemical Markers and Cardiovascular Parameters 48 4 Discussion 50 References 52 Alterations in Vagal-Immune Pathway in Long-Lasting Mental Stress 53 1 Introduction 53 2 Methods 55 2.1 Subjects 55 2.2 Protocol 55 2.3 Data Analysis 55 2.4 Inflammatory Marker Assay 55 2.5 Statistical Analysis 56 3 Results 56 3.1 Heart Rate Variability 56 3.2 Inflammatory Marker 56 4 Discussion 56 5 Conclusion 57 References 57 Nocturnal Parasympathetic Modulation of Heart Rate in Obesity-Hypoventilation Patients 59 1 Introduction 59 2 Methods 60 3 Results 61 4 Discussion 62 References 64 N-acetylcysteine Alleviates the Meconium-Induced Acute Lung Injury 66 1 Introduction 67 2 Methods 67 2.1 General Design of Experiments 67 2.2 Measurement of Respiratory Parameters 68 2.3 Counting of Cells in BAL Fluid and in Arterial Blood 68 2.4 Lung Edema Formation (Wet/Dry Weight Ratio) 68 2.5 Markers of Oxidative Stress 69 2.6 Measurement of In Vitro Airway Reactivity to Acetylcholine 69 2.7 Statistical Evaluation 69 3 Results 69 3.1 Respiratory Parameters 69 3.2 Cells in BAL Fluid and in Arterial Blood 69 3.3 Lung Edema Formation and Markers of Oxidative Stress 71 3.4 Airway Reactivity to Acetylcholine in Vitro 71 4 Discussion 72 References 73 Index 75 Cardiorespiratory function is prominently affected by oxidative stress. Cigarette smoking is the archetype of oxidative and nitrative stress and free radical formation. New adverse effects of smoking keep on ppopping up in research. The chapters provide the comprehensive view of new developments in this area regarding cardiovascular and lung function and muscle catabolism. Alterations in inflammatory cytokines and proteins as well as degradation of muscle proteins due to smoking, by far unrecognized, caused by oxidative stress also are presented. Much less is known about the effect of cognitive stress on vagally-mediated cardiorespiratory function and surprisingly, on vagal immune pathway. The experimental studies also show that clinically important meconium aspiration syndrome contains an oxidative trait which is amenable to antioxidative treatment. This volume creates a source of information on the damaging role of oxidative stress in cardiorespiratory function that has by far not been available Front Matter....Pages i-x Peroxynitrite Induces Degradation of Myosin Heavy Chain via p38 MAPK and Muscle-Specific E3 Ubiquitin Ligases in C2 Skeletal Myotubes....Pages 1-8 Alterations in the Coagulation System of Active Smokers from the Ludwigshafen Risk and Cardiovascular Health (LURIC) Study....Pages 9-14 C-Reactive Protein and Lipoprotein-Associated Phospholipase A 2 in Smokers and Nonsmokers of the Ludwigshafen Risk and Cardiovascular Health Study....Pages 15-23 Green Tea Drinking Improves Erythrocytes and Saliva Oxidative Status in the Elderly....Pages 25-33 Cardiovascular Effects of N-acetylcysteine in Meconium-Induced Acute Lung Injury....Pages 35-43 Alterations in Vagal-Immune Pathway in Long-Lasting Mental Stress....Pages 45-50 Nocturnal Parasympathetic Modulation of Heart Rate in Obesity-Hypoventilation Patients....Pages 51-57 N-acetylcysteine Alleviates the Meconium-Induced Acute Lung Injury....Pages 59-67 Back Matter....Pages 69-69