Oxford studies in political philosophy. Volume 7

This is the seventh volume of Oxford Studies in Political Philosophy . Since its revival in the 1970s political philosophy has been a vibrant field in philosophy, one that intersects with jurisprudence, normative economics, political theory in political science departments, and just war theory. OSPP aims to publish some of the best contemporary work in political philosophy and these closely related subfields. Topics explored in Volume 7 include autonomy, perfectionism, truth and respect in politics, political epistemology, and the philosophy of work. Cover 1 Oxford Studies in Political Philosophy 4 Copyright 5 Acknowledgments 6 Contents 8 List of Contributors 10 1: The Philosophy of Work 12 1. 13 2. 15 3. 18 4. 20 5. 23 6. 25 7. 27 8. 29 Bibliography 31 2: Political Epistemology and Social Critique 34 1. Introduction 34 2. Ideology and Subjection 36 3. Methodological Preliminaries: Narrowing the Task 41 a. Moral Truths 41 b. Anti-Utopianism 43 c. The Social Domain 47 d. Critique as Emancipatory 49 4. Methodological/Epistemic Challenge 51 5. The Epistemology of Consciousness Raising 54 a. Case Studies 54 Combahee River Collective (1983) (``A Black Feminist Statement ́ ́) 55 ``The Girls Fought Back. ́ ́ 56 b. Sources of Oppositional Consciousness 57 c. Epistemic Credentials 59 6. Conclusion: The Normative Basis for Ideology Critique 66 Works Cited 69 3: The Limited Use View of the Duty to Save 77 1. Introduction 77 2. The Limited Use View 78 3. Special Others 82 4. Depriving Others of Harm-Preventing Resources 85 5. Failing to Save as an Agent-Relative Prerogative 88 5.1. Augmenting Interests and the Scope of the Duty to Rescue 89 6. The Scope of Agent-Relative Prerogatives 93 6.1. Prerogatives as Independent Justifications for Harming 95 6.1.1. Duties and Using 96 6.1.2. Defence Against Non-Using Threateners 99 6.2. Agent-Relative Duties and Lesser-Evil Justifications for Harming 101 7. Choosing Between Deaths 105 8. Conclusion 107 Cited Works 108 4: Politics, Truth, and Respect 111 1. Introduction 111 2. Exclusion, Insult, and Respect 113 3. Ignoring a False View versus Ignoring the Fact That Someone Holds a View (That Happens to Be False) 120 4. Why Telling Citizens That Their View Is Not Accepted Because It Is False Is Not Exclusionary 126 5. Conclusion 131 References 132 5: Perfectionist Duties 135 1. Duty-Based and Non-Duty-Based Perfectionism 136 2. The Case for Duty-Based Perfectionism 139 2.1. From Self-Respect to Duty-Based Perfectionism 139 2.2. From Fairness to Duty-Based Perfectionism 143 2.3. A Right to a Flourishing Life 145 2.4. Indistinguishability? 151 3. The Advantages of Going Duty-Based 155 3.1. Legitimacy 156 3.2. Paternalism 158 3.3. The Quidnunc Mentality 161 4. Does Duty-Based Perfectionism Violate Public Justification? 163 References 169 6: When Public Reason Falls Silent: Liberal Democratic Justification versus the Administrative State 172 §1. Introduction 172 §2. The Idea of Public Reason 175 §3. Public Reason and the Sciences 178 §4. The Administrative State 183 §5. Egalitarianism versus Public Reason 187 §6. Objections 191 6.1. Scope and Delegation 191 6.2. Idealization 195 6.3. Learning and Deliberation 197 6.4. Means versus Ends 198 §7. A Concluding Section 201 Works Cited 202 7: An Autonomy-Based Argument for Democracy 205 I. Democracy and Autonomy: Alternative Approaches 207 A. Collective Autonomy Arguments 207 B. Individual Autonomy Arguments 209 II. Aspects of Autonomy 213 III. The Democratic Demands of Normative Autonomy 214 A. From Non-Interference to Adequate Spheres of Concern 215 B. Determining Spheres of Concern 217 C. Alternative Explanations: Constitutionalism, Anarchism, Egalitarianism 219 D. Direction and Implication of the Will 224 E. Democracy and Self-Government Revisited 229 IV. How Much Interaction Is Enough? 230 Conclusion 233 References 235 8: Why Strict Compliance? 238 Introduction 238 I. The Cooperative Conception of Society 241 1. Essential Plurality and Relational Constraints 242 2. Genuine Social Cooperation 244 II. Moral Demands in Cooperative Schemes 247 III. Strict Compliance in the Moral Theory of Cooperation 253 1. Strict Compliance and the Logic of Moral Demands 254 2. The Priority of Strict Compliance 258 IV. The Well-Ordered Society 261 1. Two Roles for Principles of Justice 262 2. Ideal Theory and the Basic Structure Restriction 264 V. An Anti-Utopian Objection to Ideal Theory 265 VI. Non-Utopian Ideal Theory 269 Conclusion 273 References 274 Index 276 Cover Oxford Studies in Political Philosophy Copyright Acknowledgments Contents List of Contributors 1: The Philosophy of Work 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. Bibliography 2: Political Epistemology and Social Critique 1. Introduction 2. Ideology and Subjection 3. Methodological Preliminaries: Narrowing the Task a. Moral Truths b. Anti-Utopianism c. The Social Domain d. Critique as Emancipatory 4. Methodological/Epistemic Challenge 5. The Epistemology of Consciousness Raising a. Case Studies Combahee River Collective (1983) (``A Black Feminist Statement ́ ́) ``The Girls Fought Back. ́ ́ b. Sources of Oppositional Consciousness c. Epistemic Credentials 6. Conclusion: The Normative Basis for Ideology Critique Works Cited 3: The Limited Use View of the Duty to Save 1. Introduction 2. The Limited Use View 3. Special Others 4. Depriving Others of Harm-Preventing Resources 5. Failing to Save as an Agent-Relative Prerogative 5.1. Augmenting Interests and the Scope of the Duty to Rescue 6. The Scope of Agent-Relative Prerogatives 6.1. Prerogatives as Independent Justifications for Harming 6.1.1. Duties and Using 6.1.2. Defence Against Non-Using Threateners 6.2. Agent-Relative Duties and Lesser-Evil Justifications for Harming 7. Choosing Between Deaths 8. Conclusion Cited Works 4: Politics, Truth, and Respect 1. Introduction 2. Exclusion, Insult, and Respect 3. Ignoring a False View versus Ignoring the Fact That Someone Holds a View (That Happens to Be False) 4. Why Telling Citizens That Their View Is Not Accepted Because It Is False Is Not Exclusionary 5. Conclusion References 5: Perfectionist Duties 1. Duty-Based and Non-Duty-Based Perfectionism 2. The Case for Duty-Based Perfectionism 2.1. From Self-Respect to Duty-Based Perfectionism 2.2. From Fairness to Duty-Based Perfectionism 2.3. A Right to a Flourishing Life 2.4. Indistinguishability? 3. The Advantages of Going Duty-Based 3.1. Legitimacy 3.2. Paternalism 3.3. The Quidnunc Mentality 4. Does Duty-Based Perfectionism Violate Public Justification? References 6: When Public Reason Falls Silent: Liberal Democratic Justification versus the Administrative State §1. Introduction §2. The Idea of Public Reason §3. Public Reason and the Sciences §4. The Administrative State §5. Egalitarianism versus Public Reason §6. Objections 6.1. Scope and Delegation 6.2. Idealization 6.3. Learning and Deliberation 6.4. Means versus Ends §7. A Concluding Section Works Cited 7: An Autonomy-Based Argument for Democracy I. Democracy and Autonomy: Alternative Approaches A. Collective Autonomy Arguments B. Individual Autonomy Arguments II. Aspects of Autonomy III. The Democratic Demands of Normative Autonomy A. From Non-Interference to Adequate Spheres of Concern B. Determining Spheres of Concern C. Alternative Explanations: Constitutionalism, Anarchism, Egalitarianism D. Direction and Implication of the Will E. Democracy and Self-Government Revisited IV. How Much Interaction Is Enough? Conclusion References 8: Why Strict Compliance? Introduction I. The Cooperative Conception of Society 1. Essential Plurality and Relational Constraints 2. Genuine Social Cooperation II. Moral Demands in Cooperative Schemes III. Strict Compliance in the Moral Theory of Cooperation 1. Strict Compliance and the Logic of Moral Demands 2. The Priority of Strict Compliance IV. The Well-Ordered Society 1. Two Roles for Principles of Justice 2. Ideal Theory and the Basic Structure Restriction V. An Anti-Utopian Objection to Ideal Theory VI. Non-Utopian Ideal Theory Conclusion References Index "This is the seventh volume of Oxford Studies in Political Philosophy. Since its revival in the 1970s political philosophy has been a vibrant field in philosophy, one that intersects with jurisprudence, normative economics, political theory in political science departments, and just war theory. OSPP aims to publish some of the best contemporary work in political philosophy and these closely related subfields. The chapters in this volume address a range of central topics and represent cutting-edge work in the field: the philosophy of work; political epistemology and social critique; the duty to save; politics, truth, and respect; perfectionist duties; public reason; autonomy-based arguments for democracy; and strict compliance"--Publisher's description This is the seventh volume of 'Oxford Studies in Political Philosophy'. The series aims to publish some of the best contemporary work in the vibrant field of political philosophy and its closely related subfields, including jurisprudence, normative economics, political theory in political science departments, and just war theory