Overcoming Epistemic Injustice: Social and Psychological Perspectives (Collective Studies in Knowledge and Society)

"Prejudice influences people's thoughts and behaviors in many ways; it can lead people to underestimate others' credibility, to read anger or hysteria into their words, or to expect knowledge and truth to 'sound' a certain way-or to come from a certain type of person. These biases and mistakes can have a big effect on everything from an institutional culture to an individual's self-understanding. These kinds of intellectual harms are known as epistemic injustice. Most people are opposed to unfair prejudices (at least in principle), and no one wants to make avoidable mistakes. But research in the social sciences reveals a disturbing truth: Even people who intend to be fair-minded and unprejudiced are influenced by unconscious biases and stereotypes. We may sincerely want to be epistemically just, but we frequently fail, and simply thinking harder about it will not fix the problem. The essays collected in this volume draw from cutting-edge social science research and detailed case studies, to suggest how we can better tackle our unconscious reactions and institutional biases, to help ameliorate epistemic injustice. The volume concludes with an afterward by Miranda Fricker, who catalyzed recent scholarship on epistemic injustice, reflecting on these new lines of research and potential future directions to explore."--Quatrième de couverture Contents 7 Acknowledgments 9 Introduction 11 I: Managing Psychological Tendencies 25 1 Negative Epistemic Exemplars 27 2 Positive Stereotypes 43 3 Conceptualizing Consent 59 4 Structural Thinking and Epistemic Injustice 73 5 The Inevitability of Aiming for Virtue 95 6 Can Epistemic Virtues Help Combat Epistemologies of Ignorance? 111 II: Curing Epistemic Injustice in Healthcare 129 7 Epistemic Microaggressions and Epistemic Injustices in Clinical Medicine 131 8 Returning to the “There Is” 149 9 Pathocentric Epistemic Injustice and Conceptions of Health 163 10 Uncovering Prejudice and Where It Lives 179 11 Epistemic Injustice in Careers 193 III: Arresting Epistemic Injustice in the Legal and Correctional Systems 211 12 The Episteme, Epistemic Injustice, and the Limits of White Sensibility 213 13 Carceral Medicine and Prison Abolition 231 14 Epistemic Injustice and Medical Neglect in Ontario Jails 247 IV: Learning to Overcoming Epistemic Injustice in Academia, Education, and Sports 263 15 Teaching as Epistemic Care 265 16 When Testimony Isn’t Enough 279 17 Gaslighting as Epistemic Violence 295 Afterword 313 Index 317 About the Contributors 329 This volume draws together cutting edge research from the social sciences to find ways of overcoming the unconscious prejusice that is present in our everyday decisions, a phenomenon coined by the philosopher Miranda Fricker as 'epistemic injustice'.