فراتر از کوه‌ها و دوردست‌ها: مطالعاتی در تاریخ و باستان‌شناسی خاورمیانه. تقدیم به میرجو سالوینی به مناسبت هشتادمین سالگرد تولدش

The publication of ‘Over the Mountains and Far Away: Studies in Near Eastern history and archaeology presented to Mirjo Salvini on the occasion of his 80th birthday’ was initiated by the Institute of Archaeology and Ethnography, National Academy of Sciences of Armenia, the International Association of Mediterranean and Oriental Studies (Rome, Italy) and the Association for Near Eastern and Caucasian Studies (Yerevan, Armenia) as a tribute to the career of Professor Mirjo Salvini on the occasion his 80th birthday. It is composed of 62 papers written by his colleagues and students from Italy, Germany, France, Spain, Poland, the Netherlands, Denmark, Austria, Great Britain, Russian Federation, Israel, Turkey, Islamic Republic of Iran, Georgia, United States and Armenia. The contributions presented here cover numerous topics, a wide geographical area and a long chronological period. However, most of the contributions deal with research in the fields of Urartian and Hittite Studies, the topics that attracted Prof. Salvini during his long and fruitful career most. Table of Contents Editorial – by Pavel Avetisyan, Roberto Dan, Yervand Grekyan Foreword – by Adriano Rossi Mirjo Salvini: Bibliography Bīsotūn, ‘Urartians’ and ‘Armenians’ of the Achaemenid Texts, and the Origins of the Exonyms Armina and Arminiya – by Gregory E. Areshian Human Images from the Eastern Urartian Periphery: Anthropomorphic Sculpture of Syunik on the Cusp of the 2nd and 1st Millennia BC – by Hayk Avetisyan, Artak Gnuni, Gagik Sargsyan and Arsen Bobokhyan Cult-Places of Ancient Armenia: A Diachronic View and an Attempt of Classification – by Pavel Avetisyan and Arsen Bobokhyan The Elamite Tablets from Armavir-Blur (Armenia): A Re-Examination – by Miqayel Badalyan, Gian Pietro Basello and Roberto Dan Šiuini: The Urartian Sun god – by Miqayel Badalyan Protective Clay Figurines in the Urartian Fortresses – by Atilla Batmaz Mesopotamians and Mesopotamian Learning at Hattusa, Thirty Years On – by Gary Beckman Too Many Horns in the Temple of the God Hadad of Aleppo at the Time of the Ebla Archives! – by Maria Giovanna Biga The Roots of the Urartian Kingdom: The Growth of Social Complexity on the Armenian Plateau Between Ancient Bronze and Early Iron Ages – by Raffaele Biscione Thoughts about the Audience-Hall of Naramsin at Tell Asmar-Ešnunna – by Felix Blocher The Urartian God Quera and the Metamorphosis of the ‘Vishap’ Cult – by Arsen Bobokhyan, Alessandra Gilibert and Pavol Hnila Laḫmu, ‘The Hairy One’, and the Puzzling Issue of Mythology in Middle Assyrian Glyptic Art – by Dominik Bonatz The First Gilgamesh Conjectures About the Earliest Epic – by Giorgio Buccellati Ayanis Fortress: Only a Military Fortress or More? – by Altan Çilingiroğlu Granaries in Urartu and Neighboring States and the Monumentalization of Administrative Records – by Birgit Christiansen Hasanlu, the Southern Caucasus and Early Urartu – by Megan Cifarelli The King of the Rock Revisited: The Site of As-Sila (Tafila, Jordan) and the Inscription of Nabonidus of Babylon – by Rocío Da Riva A New Painting Fragment from Erebuni and an Overview of Urartian Wall Paintings – by Roberto Dan, Yeghis Keheyan, Nelli Hovhannisyan, Artur Petrosyan, Yelena Atoyants, Priscilla Vitolo and Boris Gasparyan New Observations Regarding the Urartian Inscription of the Tul-e Talesh Bracelet – by Maryam Dara Nouvelles réflexions relatives à la fin du royaume d’Ourartou – la forteresse d’Erebuni vers la fin du VIIe siècle av. J.-C. – by Stéphane Deschamps, François Fichet de Clairfontaine and Mary Karapetyan Quand dieu aide les vainqueurs... – by Jean-Marie Durand The Relationship between State and Nomads in the Urartian Kingdom – by Aylin Ü. Erdem Alcune considerazioni sulla posizione di Uršum e Ḫaššum/Ḫaššuwa: dal commercio paleo-assiro al regno di Ḫattušili I – by Massimo Forlanini L’espressione (ANA) PANI NP nei colofoni ittiti – by Rita Francia From Khazane Kapoussi/Hazine Kapısı to Analıkız: Rethinking a Place at Tušpa Citadel – by Bülent Genç Some Remarks on Qulḫa – by Levan Gordeziani The Problem of the Origin of the Urartian Scribal School – by Yervand Grekyan The Cross Statue as a Symbol of Christianizing Armenia – by Grigor Grigoryan Oshakan Tomb No. 25 Revisited – by Michael Herles Urartian Envoys to Ashurbanipal’s Court – Some Remarks on the Assyro - Urartian Relations in the First Half of the 7th Century BC – by Krzysztof Hipp The ‘City of Ḫaldi’ in the Land of Uaza – by Simon Hmayakyan Urartian Inscriptions at the Van Museum. A New Collection – by Kenan Işık Towards the Reconstruction of the Hurro-Urartian Protolanguage – by Margarit Khachikyan A New Rock-Cut Tomb in Van Fortress/Tushpa – by Erkan Konyar Upper Euphrates Political Geography Reconsidered – by Aram Kosyan The Urartian Rock-Cut Chamber at Yelpin / Armenia – by Stephan Kroll Le terre di Urartu nella descrizione di Strabone – by Gianfranco Maddoli The Armenian Patronymic Arcruni – by Hrach Martirosyan Iron Age Luvian tarrawann(i)- – by H. Craig Melchert An Echo of Assyria in Plutarch’s Life of Alexander – by Sarah C. Melville Lo strano caso del Sig. VITA+RA/I, scriba ‘4’ alla corte ittita – by Clelia Mora From Petroglyphs to Alphabet. A Brief Characterization of the Writing Culture of Pre-Christian Armenia – by Artak Movsisyan New Iri-Saĝrig Ration Distribution and Related Texts – by David I. Owen Le melograne della basilica di Santa Cecilia in Trastevere – by Neda Parmegiani On the Ethnic Origin of the Ruling Elite of Urartu – by Armen Petrosyan Solak 1. Una fortezza urartea nella valle del Hrazdan, Armenia – by Artur Petrosyan, Roberto Dan and Priscilla Vitolo Un piccolo frammento di una lunga storia: un cammello a Tell Barri/Kahat (Siria) – by Raffaella Pierobon Benoit New Ways of Etymologizing Certain Fragments of the Cuneiform Inscription of Tanahat – by Ashot Piliposyan A Note about an Ewer of Probable Anatolian Production, from One of the Tombs of the Assyrian Queens at Nimrud – by Frances Pinnock Armenian Toponyms in the ‘Patria Quae Dicitur Parthia’ according to the Cosmographia of Ravennas Anonymus – by Daniel T. Potts Updates on Verbal Transitivity and Nominal Ellipsis in Hittite – by Jaan Puhvel The Assyria-Urartu Relationship and the Political Role of Mercenaries – by Julian Edgeworth Reade Zur Frage des Weiterlebens urartäischer Namen in achaimenidischer Zeit – by Rüdiger Schmitt Auf der Suche nach einem Reichsgott für Urartu – by Ursula Seidl Everyday Life in Trialeti (South Caucasus) in the Middle and the Second Half of the 2nd Millennium BC – by Nino Shanshashvili and Goderdzi Narimanishvili A New Fragment of an Inscription of Rusa, Son of Argišti, from the susi Temple of Bastam, Iran – by Marie-Claude Trémouille, Roberto Dan, Keomars Haji Mohammad and Ebrahim Bodaghi ‘Excavating’ Looted Tombs at Pessinus (2011-2013) – by Gocha R. Tsetskhladze The Bronze Stamp Seals of Marlik: Evidence of Bronze Age Links with Eastern Iran and Central Asia – by Ali A. Vahdati and Amir Saed Mucheshi Beyt’a Mêzînê A Trace of the Qur’anic Influence on the Yezidi Oral Religious Tradition – by Vardan Voskanian The Ethno-Cultural Diversity of Central Anatolian Early Iron Age Inhabitants – by Jak Yakar The Mighty Weapon of Tarhunt – by Ilya Yakubovich Illiterate Urartians: Writing and the Ayanis Outer Town – by Paul Zimansky The publication of Over the Mountains and Far Away: Studies in Near Eastern history and archaeology presented to Mirjo Salvini on the occasion of his 80th birthday was initiated by the Institute of Archaeology and Ethnography, National Academy of Sciences of Armenia, the International Association of Mediterranean and Oriental Studies (Rome, Italy) and the Association for Near Eastern and Caucasian Studies (Yerevan, Armenia) as a tribute to the career of Professor Mirjo Salvini on the occasion his 80th birthday. It is composed of 62 papers written by his colleagues and students from Italy, Germany, France, Spain, Poland, the Netherlands, Denmark, Austria, Great Britain, Russian Federation, Israel, Turkey, Islamic Republic of Iran, Georgia, United States and Armenia. The contributions presented here cover numerous topics, a wide geographical area and a long chronological period. However, most of the contributions deal with research in the fields of Urartian and Hittite Studies, the topics that attracted Prof. Salvini during his long and fruitful career most. Cover 1 Title Page 3 Copyright Page 4 Contents Page 5 Editorial 8 Foreword 9 Bibliography 10 Bīsotūn, ‘Urartians’ and ‘Armenians’ of the Achaemenid Texts,1 and the Origins of the Exonyms Armina and Arminiya2 23 Gregory E. Areshian 23 Human Images from the Eastern Urartian Periphery: Anthropomorphic Sculpture of Syunik on the Cusp of the 2nd and 1st Millennia BC 31 Hayk Avetisyan, Artak Gnuni, Gagik Sargsyan, Arsen Bobokhyan 31 Cult-Places of Ancient Armenia: A Diachronic View and an Attempt of Classification 41 Pavel Avetisyan and Arsen Bobokhyan 41 The Elamite Tablets from Armavir-Blur (Armenia): A Re-Examination* 56 Gian Pietro Basello 56 Miqayel Badalyan 56 Roberto Dan 56 Šiuini: The Urartian Sun god 68 Miqayel Badalyan 68 Protective Clay Figurines in the Urartian Fortresses 80 Atilla Batmaz 80 Mesopotamians and Mesopotamian Learning at Hattusa, Thirty Years On 87 Gary Beckman 87 Too Many Horns in the Temple of the God Hadad of Aleppo at the Time of the Ebla Archives!1 93 Maria Giovanna Biga 93 The Roots of the Urartian Kingdom: The Growth of Social Complexity on the Armenian Plateau Between Ancient Bronze and Early Iron Ages 96 Raffaele Biscione 96 Thoughts about the Audience-Hall of Naramsin at Tell Asmar-Ešnunna 112 Felix Blocher 112 The Urartian God Quera and the Metamorphosis of the ‘Vishap’ Cult 120 Alessandra Gilibert 120 Arsen Bobokhyan 120 Pavol Hnila 120 Laḫmu, ‘The Hairy One’, and the Puzzling Issue of Mythology in Middle Assyrian Glyptic Art* 128 Dominik Bonatz 128 The First Gilgamesh Conjectures About the Earliest Epic 136 Giorgio Buccellati 136 Ayanis Fortress: Only a Military Fortress or More? 142 Altan Çilingiroğlu 142 Granaries in Urartu and Neighboring States and the Monumentalization of Administrative Records 156 Birgit Christiansen 156 Hasanlu, the Southern Caucasus and Early Urartu* 166 Megan Cifarelli 166 The King of the Rock Revisited: The Site of As-Sila (Tafila, Jordan) and the Inscription of Nabonidus of Babylon 179 Rocío Da Riva 179 A New Painting Fragment from Erebuni and an Overview of Urartian Wall Paintings 193 Artur Petrosyan 193 Boris Gasparyan 193 Nelli Hovhannisyan 193 Priscilla Vitolo 193 Roberto Dan 193 Yeghis Keheyan 193 Yelena Atoyants 193 New Observations Regarding the Urartian Inscription of the Tul-e Talesh Bracelet 209 Maryam Dara 209 Nouvelles réflexions relatives à la fin du royaume d’Ourartou – la forteresse d’Erebuni vers la fin du VIIe siècle av. J.-C. 213 François Fichet de Clairfontaine 213 Mary Karapetyan 213 Stéphane Deschamps 213 Quand dieu aide les vainqueurs... 225 Jean-Marie Durand* 225 The Relationship between State and Nomads in the Urartian Kingdom 229 Aylin Ü. Erdem 229 Alcune considerazioni sulla posizione di Uršum e Ḫaššum/Ḫaššuwa: dal commercio paleo-assiro al regno di Ḫattušili I 234 Massimo Forlanini 234 L’espressione (ANA) PANI NP nei colofoni ittiti 242 Rita Francia 242 From Khazane Kapoussi/Hazine Kapısı to Analıkız: Rethinking a Place at Tušpa Citadel 253 Bülent Genç 253 Some Remarks on Qulḫa 263 Levan Gordeziani 263 The Problem of the Origin of the Urartian Scribal School 266 Yervand Grekyan 266 The Cross Statue as a Symbol of Christianizing Armenia 285 Grigor Grigoryan 285 Oshakan Tomb No. 25 Revisited* 288 Michael Herles 288 Urartian Envoys to Ashurbanipal’s Court – Some Remarks on the Assyro - Urartian Relations in the First Half of the 7th Century BC 305 Krzysztof Hipp 305 The ‘City of Ḫaldi’ in the Land of Uaza 314 Simon Hmayakyan 314 Urartian Inscriptions at the Van Museum. A New Collection 318 Kenan Işık 318 Towards the Reconstruction of the Hurro-Urartian Protolanguage 326 Margarit Khachikyan 326 A New Rock-Cut Tomb in Van Fortress/Tushpa 329 Erkan Konyar 329 Upper Euphrates Political Geography Reconsidered 334 Aram Kosyan 334 The Urartian Rock-Cut Chamber at Yelpin / Armenia 339 Stephan Kroll 339 Le terre di Urartu nella descrizione di Strabone 346 Gianfranco Maddoli 346 The Armenian Patronymic Arcruni 353 Hrach Martirosyan1 353 Iron Age Luvian tarrawann(i)- 359 H. Craig Melchert 359 An Echo of Assyria in Plutarch’s Life of Alexander 368 Sarah C. Melville 368 Lo strano caso del Sig. VITA+RA/I, scriba ‘4’ alla corte ittita 376 Clelia Mora 376 From Petroglyphs to Alphabet. A Brief Characterization of the Writing Culture of Pre-Christian Armenia 381 Artak Movsisyan 381 New Iri-Saĝrig Ration Distribution and Related Texts 393 David I. Owen 393 Le melograne della basilica di Santa Cecilia in Trastevere 403 Neda Parmegiani 403 On the Ethnic Origin of the Ruling Elite of Urartu 408 Armen Petrosyan 408 Solak 1. Una fortezza urartea nella valle del Hrazdan, Armenia 413 Artur Petrosyan 413 Roberto Dan and Priscilla Vitolo 413 Un piccolo frammento di una lunga storia: un cammello a Tell Barri/Kahat (Siria) 423 Raffaella Pierobon Benoit 423 New Ways of Etymologizing Certain Fragments of the Cuneiform Inscription of Tanahat 440 Ashot Piliposyan 440 A Note about an Ewer of Probable Anatolian Production, from One of the Tombs of the Assyrian Queens at Nimrud* 448 Frances Pinnock 448 Armenian Toponyms in the ‘Patria Quae Dicitur Parthia’ according to the Cosmographia of Ravennas Anonymus 456 Daniel T. Potts 456 Updates on Verbal Transitivity and Nominal Ellipsis in Hittite 460 Jaan Puhvel 460 The Assyria-Urartu Relationship and the Political Role of Mercenaries 462 Julian Edgeworth Reade 462 Zur Frage des Weiterlebens urartäischer Namen in achaimenidischer Zeit 479 Rüdiger Schmitt 479 Auf der Suche nach einem Reichsgott für Urartu 487 Ursula Seidl 487 Everyday Life in Trialeti (South Caucasus) in the Middle and the Second Half of the 2nd Millennium BC 498 Nino Shanshashvili and Goderdzi Narimanishvili 498 A New Fragment of an Inscription of Rusa, Son of Argišti, from the susi Temple of Bastam, Iran1 523 Ebrahim Bodaghi 523 Keomars Haji Mohammadi 523 Marie-Claude Trémouille and Roberto Dan 523 ‘Excavating’ Looted Tombs at Pessinus (2011-2013) 533 Gocha R. Tsetskhladze 533 The Bronze Stamp Seals of Marlik: Evidence of Bronze Age Links with Eastern Iran and Central Asia 547 Ali A. Vahdati 547 Amir Saed Mucheshi 547 Beyt’a Mêzînê A Trace of the Qur’anic Influence on the Yezidi Oral Religious Tradition 554 Vardan Voskanian 554 The Ethno-Cultural Diversity of Central Anatolian Early Iron Age Inhabitants 559 Jak Yakar 559 The Mighty Weapon of Tarhunt 566 Ilya Yakubovich 566 Illiterate Urartians: Writing and the Ayanis Outer Town 582 Paul Zimansky 582 Mirjo Salvini,Armenia,Near East,archaeology The publication of Over the Mountains and Far Away: Studies in Near Eastern history and archaeology presented to Mirjo Salvini on the occasion of his 80th birthday was initiated by the Institute of Archaeology and Ethnography, National Academy of Sciences of Armenia, the International Association of Mediterranean and Oriental Studies (Rome, Italy) and the Association for Near Eastern and Caucasian Studies (Yerevan, Armenia) as a tribute to the career of Professor Mirjo Salvini on the occasion his 80th birthday. It is composed of 62 papers written by his colleagues and students from Italy, Germany, France, Spain, Poland, the Netherlands, Denmark, Austria, Great Britain, Russian Federation, Israel, Turkey, Islamic Republic of Iran, Georgia, United States and Armenia. The contributions presented here cover numerous topics, a wide geographical area and a long chronological period. However, most of the contributions deal with research in the fields of Urartian and Hittite Studies, the topics that attracted Prof. Salvini during his long and fruitful career most. - Información editorial