Outside the Hacienda Walls: The Archaeology of Plantation Peonage in Nineteenth-Century Yucatán

The Mexican Revolution was a tumultuous struggle for social and political reform that ousted an autocrat and paved the way for a new national constitution. The conflict, however, came late to Yucatán, where a network of elite families with largely European roots held the reins of government. This privileged group reaped spectacular wealth from haciendas, cash-crop plantations tended by debt-ridden servants of Maya descent. When a revolutionary army from central Mexico finally gained a foothold in Yucatán in 1915, the local custom of agrarian servitude met its demise. Drawing on a dozen years of archaeological and historical investigation, Allan Meyers breaks new ground in the study of Yucatán haciendas. He explores a plantation village called San Juan Bautista Tabi, which once stood at the heart of a vast sugar estate. Occupied for only a few generations, the village was abandoned during the revolutionary upheaval. Its ruins now lie within a state-owned ecological reserve. Through oral histories, archival records, and physical remains, Meyers examines various facets of the plantation landscape. He presents original data and fresh interpretations on settlement organization, social stratification, and spatial relationships. His systematic approach to "things underfoot," small everyday objects that are now buried in the tropical forest, offers views of the hacienda experience that are often missing in official written sources. In this way, he raises the voices of rural, mostly illiterate Maya speakers who toiled as laborers. What emerges is a portrait of hacienda social life that transcends depictions gleaned from historical methods alone. Students, researchers, and travelers to Mexico will all find something of interest in Meyers's lively presentation. Readers will see the old haciendas—once forsaken but now experiencing a rebirth as tourist destinations—in a new light. These heritage sites not only testify to social conditions that prevailed before the Mexican Revolution, but also remind us that the human geography of modern Yucatán is as much a product of plantation times as it is of more ancient periods. This book is about a search to understand the social conditions that prevailed in the Yucatán's countryside in the run-up to the Mexican Revolution. The search focuses on a village, a curious sort of a village that experienced both its birth and death in the years between Mexican independence and revolution. Part of a vast frontier property called Tabi (Tah-bee), it was one of hundreds of privately owned towns that sprang up in the Yucatán in the late 1800s. Little is known about the inner workings of such settlements The Death of Pablo Chan The Birth of an Expedition Chronicle of an Estate Life and Debt beyond the Walls A Village Rediscovered The Social Order in Clay and Stone Where the Garbage Went If Floors Could Talk Return to the Light.