Our Biometric Future: Facial Recognition Technology and the Culture of Surveillance (Critical Cultural Communication, 2)

Since The 1960s, A Significant Effort Has Been Underway To Program Computers To 'see' The Human Face-to Develop Automated Systems For Identifying Faces And Distinguishing Them From One Another--commonly Known As Facial Recognition Technology. While Computer Scientists Are Developing Frt In Order To Design More Intelligent And Interactive Machines, Businesses And States Agencies View The Technology As Uniquely Suited For 'smart' Surveillance--systems That Automate The Labor Of Monitoring In Order To Increase Their Efficacy And Spread Their Reach. Tracking This Technological Pursuit, Our Biometric Future Identifies Frt As A Prime Example Of The Failed Technocratic Approach To Governance, Where New Technologies Are Pursued As Shortsighted Solutions To Complex Social Problems. Culling News Stories, Press Releases, Policy Statements, Pr Kits And Other Materials, Kelly Gates Provides Evidence That, Instead Of Providing More Security For More People, The Pursuit Of Frt Is Being Driven By The Priorities Of Corporations, Law Enforcement And State Security Agencies, All Convinced Of The Technology's Necessity And Unhindered By Its Complicated And Potentially Destructive Social Consequences. By Focusing On The Politics Of Developing And Deploying These Technologies, Our Biometric Future Argues Not For The Inevitability Of A Particular Technological Future, But For Its Profound Contingency And Contestability.--provided By Publisher. Introduction : Experimenting With The Face -- Facial Recognition Technology From The Lab To The Marketplace -- Police Power And The Smart Cctv Experiment -- Finding The Face Of Terror In Data -- Inventing The Security-conscious, Tech-savvy Citizen -- Automated Facial Expression Analysis And The Mobilization Of Affect. Kelly A. Gates. Includes Bibliographical References And Index. Contents 8 List of Abbreviations 9 Acknowledgments 11 Introduction: Experimenting with the Face 14 1 Facial Recognition Technology from the Lab to the Marketplace 38 2 Police Power and the Smart CCTV Experiment 76 3 Finding the Face of Terror in Data 110 4 Inventing the Security-Conscious, Tech-Savvy Citizen 138 5 Automated Facial Expression Analysis and the Mobilization of Affect 164 Conclusion 204 Notes 214 Bibliography 254 Index 266 A 266 B 266 C 267 D 268 E 268 F 269 G 269 H 270 I 270 J 270 K 270 L 270 M 271 N 271 O 271 P 271 R 272 S 272 T 273 U 273 V 273 W 273 Y 274 Z 274 About the Author 276 Since the 1960s, a significant effort has been underway to program computers to see the human face and to develop automated systems for identifying faces and distinguishing them from one another - commonly known as Facial Recognition Technology. This book focuses on the politics of developing and deploying these technologies.