Orthodontics for Dental Hygienists and Dental Therapists

Covers essential orthodontic theory for dental hygienists and dental therapists Clear, comprehensive, and easy to read, Orthodontics for Dental Hygienists and Dental Therapists outlines orthodontic theory and explains clinical techniques, without assuming prior knowledge. By learning the orthodontic mechanics and fundamentals, dental hygiene and therapy students can become valuable team members in an orthodontic practice. Written in a student-friendly style, the text begins by outlining craniofacial growth and tooth development, orthodontic assessment, and biomechanics and anchorage, before introducing fixed and removable appliances, class I, II and III treatment principles, and cleft palate treatment, and ending with a chapter on adult orthodontics. Student-friendly guide to essential orthodontic theory and clinical techniques for dental hygienists, dental therapists, and oral health therapists Superbly illustrated with explanations on terminologies, orthodontic appliances, instruments, and procedures Features multiple choice questions at the end of each chapter and interactive self-assessment questions on a companion website to help you test your knowledge The ideal overall introduction to orthodontics, Orthodontics for Dental Hygienists and Dental Therapists is an indispensable companion for those wishing to pursue a career in orthodontic practices after graduation. Title Page Copyright Page Contents Preface Acknowledgements About the Companion Website Chapter 1 Scope of Practice and Competency Dentists Oral Health Therapists Dental Hygienists Dental Therapists Orthodontic Treatment Orthodontic Indices References Further Reading Chapter 2 Growth and Development Craniofacial Growth and Development What is Growth? What Factors Affect Growth? Prenatal Developmental Phases First Prenatal Phase (Weeks 1–3) Second Prenatal Phase (Week 4–8) Third Prenatal Phase (Weeks 9–40) Craniofacial Postnatal Development Growth Mechanisms The Neonatal Skull Compared With the Adult Skull Mandibular Growth Maxillary Growth Growth Rotation Tooth Development Initial development Bud Stage Cap Stage Bell Stage Root Formation Eruption References Further Reading Self-Evaluation Chapter 3 Orthodontic Assessment and Treatment Planning Strategies Data Collection Medical History Dental History Patient Concerns Aetiology of Malocclusion Clinical Examination Extraoral Examination Intraoral Examination Records Photographs Impressions and Digital Scanners Digital Scanners Radiographs Growth Assessment Using Radiography Treatment Planning Strategies When to refer? References Further Reading Self-Evaluation Chapter 4 Biomechanics and Treatment Principles Biomechanics The Mechanics of Tooth Movement Force, Moment, Couple Centre of Resistance, Centre of Rotation The Biology of Tooth Movement Bioelectric Theory Pressure Tension Theory Orthodontic Forces Types of Tooth movement Anchorage Anchorage Site Intermaxillary Anchorage Intramaxillary Anchorage Temporary Anchorage Devices Factors Affecting Anchorage References Further Reading Self-Evaluation Chapter 5 Fixed Appliances and Orthodontic Instruments Fixed Appliances Evolution of Bracket Systems Self-Ligating Brackets Lingual Brackets Components of Fixed Appliances Active Components Passive Components Accessories Oral Hygiene and Maintenance Orthodontic Instruments Adjustment Instruments Bracket Placement Instruments Bracket Removing Instruments Banding Instruments Wire-Forming Pliers Lingual Instruments References Further Reading Self-Evaluation Chapter 6 Treatment for Class I Malocclusion Spacing and Crowding Spacing Crowding Case Study Ectopic and Impacted Canines Case Study Risks of Impaction Cross Bite Posterior Cross Bite Anterior Cross bite Permanent Dentition Open Bite Primary Dentition Mixed Dentition Permanent Dentition Case Study Reference Further Reading Self-Evaluation Chapter 7 Treatment for Class II Malocclusion Principles of Treatment for Class II Malocclusion Functional Appliances and Headgear Twin Block The Bionator The Herbst Appliance The ForsusTM Appliance Frankel Appliance Care Instructions for Functional Appliances Class II Division 1 Case Study Class II Division 2 Mixed Dentition Permanent Dentition Case study Reference Further Reading Self-Evaluation Chapter 8 Treatment for Class III Malocclusion Treatment in Mixed Dentition Case Studies Treatment in Permanent Dentition Case Study Summary Reference Further Reading Self-Evaluation Chapter 9 Treatment for Cleft Palate Palate Formation Treatment of Cleft Palate Case Study Reference Further Reading Self-Evaluation Chapter 10 Retention Importance of Retention Fixed Retainers Bonding Fixed Retainers Removable Retainers Hawley Plates Vacuum-Formed Retainers Reference Further Reading Self-Evaluation Chapter 11 Adult Orthodontics Orthognathic Surgery Presurgery Orthodontic Goals Post-surgery Orthodontic Goals Maxillary Surgical Procedures Le Forte Osteotomy Surgically Assisted Rapid Palatal Expansion Mandibular Surgical Procedures Bilateral Sagittal Split Osteotomy Genioplasty Bimaxillary Osteotomy Post-Condylar Cartilage Graft Case Study Clear Aligners Attachments Interproximal Enamel Reduction Patient Care Instructions for Clear Aligners Removing Attachments Case Study of Invisalign Treatment Lingual Braces Lingual Orthodontic Mechanics Positioning the Lingual Bracket Bonding Lingual Arch Wires Patients with Lingual Braces Lingual Braces Case Study References Further Reading Self-Evaluation Self-Evaluation Answers Index EULA **Covers essential orthodontic theory for dental hygienists and dental therapists** Clear, comprehensive, and easy to read, __Orthodontics for Dental Hygienists and Dental Therapists__ outlines orthodontic theory and explains clinical techniques, without assuming prior knowledge. By learning the orthodontic mechanics and fundamentals, dental hygiene and therapy students can become valuable team members in an orthodontic practice. Written in a student-friendly style, the text begins by outlining craniofacial growth and tooth development, orthodontic assessment, and biomechanics and anchorage, before introducing fixed and removable appliances, class I, II and III treatment principles, and cleft palate treatment, and ending with a chapter on adult orthodontics. * Student-friendly guide to essential orthodontic theory and clinical techniques for dental hygienists, dental therapists, and oral health therapists * Superbly illustrated with explanations on terminologies, orthodontic appliances, instruments, and procedures * Features multiple choice questions at the end of each chapter and interactive self-assessment questions on a companion website to help you test your knowledge