Origin of Matter and Evolution of Galaxies 2003: RIKEN, Japan 17 - 19 November 2003 (2004)(en)(604

This is the proceedings of the International Symposium on Origin of Matter and Evolution of Galaxies which was held near Tokyo, Japan, in November 2003. The meeting brought together many scientists from vast fields — nuclear physics, particle physics, cosmic-ray physics, cosmology, astronomy, geophysics, and others — to promote discussion and collaboration.The proceedings have been selected for coverage in:• Index to Scientific & Technical Proceedings® (ISTP® / ISI Proceedings)• Index to Scientific & Technical Proceedings (ISTP CDROM version / ISI Proceedings)• CC Proceedings — Engineering & Physical Sciences CONTENTS......Page 10 Preface......Page 8 Review and Scope......Page 18 Origin and Evolution of Matter in Brane-World Cosmology G. J. Muthews......Page 20 1. INTRODUCTION......Page 21 2. Brane-World Cosmology......Page 22 3. Disappearing Dark Matter......Page 23 4. Time Varying vs. Galactic Chemical Evolution......Page 26 5. The Search for a Compact Dimension......Page 30 6. Conclusion......Page 32 References......Page 33 I. Big Bang Cosmology and Primordial Nucleosynthesis......Page 36 Updated Big-Bang Nucleosynthesis Compared to WMAP Results A. COC......Page 38 2. Nuclear reaction rates......Page 39 3. SBBN calculations......Page 41 4.2. Nuclear......Page 45 4.3. Cosrnology......Page 46 4.4. Pregalactic evolution......Page 47 References......Page 48 1. Introduction......Page 50 2. CMB and DCDM......Page 51 2.2. Perturbation Equations......Page 52 2.3. Boltzmann Hierarchy for Daughter Radiation......Page 53 3. CMB Constraint and Discussions......Page 54 References......Page 56 Hadronic Decay of SUSY Particle and Destruction of Light Elements K. Kohri......Page 58 References......Page 60 II. Observations: X-Rays, Cosmic Rays and Meteoritic Anomalies......Page 62 1. Introduction......Page 64 2. INTEGRAL and its Spectrometer......Page 66 3. First Science Results......Page 68 3.1. Interstellar 26Al......Page 69 3.2. Positron Annihilation......Page 71 References......Page 74 1. Introduction......Page 76 2.1. Carbon, N and Si isotopic ratios of SIC grains......Page 78 2.2. AGB star origin of mainstream, Y and Z grains......Page 79 2.4. Z grains......Page 81 3. Models of AGB stars......Page 82 3.1. I . Silicon......Page 83 3.1.2. Titanium......Page 84 References......Page 85 1. Introduction......Page 88 3. Result......Page 89 4. Comparison with stellar metallicity and SN II abundance pattern......Page 91 5. The Fe abundance profile and SN Ia contribution......Page 92 6. The abundance ratios of O,Si and Fe and abundance pattern of SN Ia......Page 94 7. The failure of the cooling flow model......Page 95 References......Page 96 1. Introduction: The Role of Metal-Poor Stars......Page 97 2. Metal-Poor Stars: Searches and Findings......Page 98 2.1. HE 0107–5240: the most metal-poor star ever found......Page 99 2.2. Chemical Signatures of the First Stellar Generations......Page 100 2.3. C-rich, Very Metal-Poor Stars......Page 101 2.4. n-capture Nucleosynthesis in the Early Galaxy......Page 103 2.4.1. Cosmo-chronometry: Dating Very Metal-Poor Stars......Page 105 3. Concluding Remarks......Page 106 References......Page 107 1. Introduction......Page 109 2.1. [X/Fe] us. [Fe/H] predicted by diflerent SN models......Page 110 2.2. Statistical analysis of dispersions and SN yields......Page 112 3.1. Enrichment of Eu in the Halo......Page 113 3.2. Detection of low Eu abundances......Page 115 References......Page 116 III. Weak Interaction, Neutrinos, Dark Matter......Page 118 1. Introduction......Page 120 2. Limits on Solar Density Fluctuations......Page 121 3. Two-Body Axial Current......Page 123 4. Implications for r-process Nucleosynthesis......Page 124 References......Page 125 1. Majorana neutrino masses and double beta decays......Page 128 2. Effective neutrino mass and neutrino mass spectrum......Page 129 3. Sensitivity of Experiments to the effective neutrino mass......Page 131 4. Rare nuclear decay measurements with signal selection by spatial and time correlation analyses......Page 133 5.1. MAJORANA for double beta decays of 76Ge......Page 134 5.2. MOON for double beta decays of 100Mo......Page 135 5.3. CUORE for double beta decays of 130Te......Page 136 6. Summary and remarks......Page 137 References......Page 138 1. Introduction......Page 140 2.1. Experimental set-up......Page 142 2.2. Measurement and Result......Page 143 3.1. Measurement of anisotropic scintillation response......Page 146 3.2. Kamioka pilot experiment......Page 147 4. Summary......Page 148 References......Page 149 1. Introduction......Page 150 2.1. Nebular Flow......Page 151 2.2. Emissivity of High Eneqy Gamma-rays and Neutrinos......Page 152 4. Conclusion......Page 153 References......Page 154 IV. Evolution and Nucleosynthesis in Stars, and Cross Sections — Hydro Static Burning......Page 158 1. Introduction......Page 160 2. Introduction to ANCs......Page 161 3. Recent ANC Measurements......Page 163 4. S factors from the ANCs and their astrophysical importance......Page 166 References......Page 171 1. Introduction......Page 172 2. Characteristics of Coulomb Dissociation of Halo Nuclei and Neutron Capture Reaction......Page 173 3. Experimental Procedure......Page 175 4. Results and Discussions......Page 176 5 . Summary......Page 177 Acknowledgement......Page 178 References......Page 179 1. Introduction......Page 180 2.1. Trends in the iron peak elements and hypernovae......Page 181 3. EMP Stars with Typical (C-normal) Abundance Pattern......Page 185 4.1. The most Fe-poor star: HE 0107-5240......Page 188 References......Page 190 1. Introduction......Page 192 2.1. Models and Assumptions......Page 193 2.2. Presupernova Evolution......Page 194 3.1. Hydrodynamics......Page 195 3.3. Treatment of Jet Matter......Page 196 5. Explosive Nucleosynthesis......Page 197 6. Integrated Abundance Patterns and Comparison with Observation......Page 199 7. Conclusions......Page 200 References......Page 201 1. INTRODUCTION......Page 202 2.1. Quasi-Free mechanism......Page 204 2.2. From Quasi Free Reactions to the Trojan Horse Method......Page 205 3. VALIDITY TEST FOR THE POLE APPROXIMATION......Page 207 4. RESULTS......Page 208 References......Page 212 1. Introduction......Page 214 2 . The Models......Page 216 3.1. 22Ne(n)25Mg reaction and the s-process......Page 217 3.2. The s-Process in Extremely Low Metdlicity Stars......Page 220 References......Page 222 186Re Isomer Contribution to 187Re-187Os Cosmochronometer T. Hayakawa......Page 225 1. Introduction......Page 226 2. Measurement of the neutron capture ratio of the isomer to the ground state in 186Re......Page 227 3. Estimation using the steady-flow model......Page 231 References......Page 232 1. Introduction......Page 234 2. Experimental Method......Page 235 3. Data Analysis......Page 236 4. Target Monitor......Page 238 5. Result......Page 240 6. Summary and Discussion......Page 241 References......Page 242 V. Nuclear Data and Nuclear Physics......Page 244 1. Introduction......Page 246 3. Towards the Universal Nuclear Energy Density Functional......Page 247 3.1. Density Functional Theory and Skyrme HFB......Page 249 3.2. From Finite Nuclei to Bulk Nucleonic Matter......Page 250 3.3. Microscopic Mass Table......Page 251 4.1. Gamow Shell Model......Page 253 5. Conclusions......Page 254 Acknowledgments......Page 255 References......Page 256 1. Introduction......Page 258 2.2. The R-matrix method......Page 259 2.3. The DWBA method......Page 262 2.4. Microscopic models......Page 265 3. Conclusion......Page 268 References......Page 269 1. Introduction......Page 271 2. Fission-Barrier Studies......Page 272 2.2. Global Barrier Studies......Page 273 2.3. Barriers of r-Process Nuclei......Page 276 3. Decay Properties......Page 277 4. Summary and Conclusions......Page 281 References......Page 282 Synthesis of Superheavy Elements K. Morita......Page 283 References......Page 284 1. Introduction......Page 285 2. The Asymptotic Normalization Coefficient method......Page 286 3. The method of Continuum-Discretized Coupled-C hannels......Page 287 4. Numerical results and the extracted S17(0)......Page 289 References......Page 291 VI. Novae, Supernovae, and Explosive Nucleosynthesis, GRB Models and Nuclearphysics Parameters......Page 294 1. Introduction......Page 296 2. Prompt Explosion......Page 298 3. The r-Process......Page 302 4. Contribution to Chemical Evolution of the Galaxy......Page 304 5. Summary......Page 305 References......Page 306 Nucleosynthesis in the Neutrino-Driven Winds from Rotating Proto-Neutron Stars T. Yamasaki......Page 308 References......Page 309 1. Introduction......Page 310 2.2. Neutrino-Nucleus Reactions and Network Calculations......Page 312 3.1. Effects of Neutral-Current Interactions......Page 313 3.2. Effects of Charged-Current Interactions......Page 314 4. Summary......Page 318 References......Page 319 1. Introduction......Page 321 2. RIKEN RI Beam Factory (RIBF)......Page 322 3. Half-life measurement......Page 325 4. Design and construction of beta counting system......Page 326 4.2. Beta-my detection system......Page 327 4.3. Half-life measurement at RIPS......Page 328 4.4. Future upgrade of beta counting system......Page 331 References......Page 332 Direct Measurements of the Astrophysical (n) and (p, n) Reactions by Using Low-Energy Light Neutron-Rich RNB H. Ishiyama......Page 333 2.1. RNB production......Page 334 2.2. Detector system......Page 336 2.3. Measurements......Page 338 3. Results......Page 339 4. Summary......Page 341 References......Page 342 1. Introduction......Page 343 2. C+O star models for SNe Ic......Page 344 3. Spectrum Synthesis......Page 346 4. Light Curve Construction......Page 347 5 . Light Curve Fitting......Page 348 6. Discussion......Page 349 References......Page 350 The “Dark Side” of Gamma-Ray Bursts and Implications for Nucleosynthesis of Light and Heavy Elements S. Inoue......Page 353 2. Evidence for BROs: the “Dark Side” of GRBs......Page 354 3. Nucleosynthesis in GRB-BROs......Page 355 4. Observational Implications......Page 358 References......Page 359 1. Introduction......Page 361 3. Abundance Distribution inside Disks......Page 362 4.1. 56Ni in Winds......Page 364 4.2. Chemical Composition of Winds......Page 367 4.3. Chemical Composition of Winds from Neutron-rich Regions of Disks......Page 368 5. Summary......Page 369 References......Page 370 Direct Measurement of the Astrophysical Reaction 14O(p)17F M. Notani......Page 371 1. Introduction......Page 372 2. Experimental Setup......Page 373 3. Result and Discussion......Page 375 4. Summary......Page 376 References......Page 377 Elastic Resonance Scattering of 23Mg+p T. Teranishi......Page 378 2. Experiment......Page 379 3. Results......Page 381 4. Summary......Page 382 References......Page 383 1. Introduction......Page 384 2. Experiment......Page 385 3. Data Analysis......Page 386 4. Excitation energies in 22Mg......Page 388 6. Summary and Conclusion......Page 389 References......Page 391 The 21Na(p, ) 22Mg Reaction from Ecm = 200 to 850 KeV in Explosive Stellar Events S. Bishop......Page 392 1. Introduction......Page 393 3. Experimental Facilities......Page 395 4.2. 329 lceV Resonance......Page 397 4.4. 538 and 740 keV Resonances......Page 398 References......Page 400 VII. Nuclear Equation of State and Neutron Stars......Page 402 1. Introduction......Page 404 2.1. QHD......Page 406 2.3. MQMC......Page 407 2.5. MQMC-MB......Page 409 3.1. EoS......Page 410 4. Conclusion......Page 412 References......Page 413 1. Introduction......Page 414 2. Bulk calculations and finite-size effects......Page 415 3.1. Thermodynamic potential for hadron - quark deconfinement transition......Page 417 3.2. Gauge invariance......Page 419 3.3. Results......Page 420 4. Summary and Concluding remarks......Page 422 References......Page 423 1. Introduction......Page 424 2. Macroscopic nuclear model......Page 425 3. Optimal relations among EOS parameters......Page 427 4. Neutron rich nuclei in laboratories......Page 430 6. Summary......Page 431 References......Page 433 1. Introduction......Page 434 2. Density Functional Theory with the Relativistic Mean-field Model......Page 435 3. Bulk Property of Finite Nuclei......Page 437 4. Nuclear “Pasta” at Sub-nuclear Densities......Page 438 4.1. Symmetric Nuclear Matter and the Coulomb Screening Eflect......Page 439 4.2. Nuclear Matter in Beta Equilibrium......Page 441 References......Page 442 VIII. Stellar Abundance, Galactic Chemical Evolution and Nucleo-Cosmochronology......Page 444 1. Measurements of isotope abundances in stellar photospheres......Page 446 2.1. Eu isotopes produced by r-process......Page 448 2.2. Eu isotopes produced by s-process: a new probe of 151Sm branching......Page 450 3. Li isotopes......Page 454 References......Page 455 1. Introduction......Page 457 2. Observations......Page 458 3. Results and Discussion......Page 459 References......Page 462 1. Introduction......Page 463 2. Equations......Page 464 4. The Energy Distributions......Page 466 5.1. Transfer Equation......Page 467 5.2. Yields of Light Elements......Page 470 References......Page 472 Supernova Neutrinos and Their Influence on Nucleosynthesis: Light Elements and r-Process Elements T. Yoshida......Page 473 2. Calculations......Page 474 3.1. The Ejected Masses of 7Li and 11B......Page 476 3.2. The r-Process Abundance Pattern......Page 478 4. Discussion on the Galactic Chemical Evolution......Page 480 5. Summary......Page 481 References......Page 482 1. Introduction......Page 483 2. Mg isotope ratio in NGC 6752......Page 484 3.1. A model for globular cluster formation......Page 485 3.2. Our calculation......Page 486 3.3. Results......Page 487 4. Neutron capture elements in globular clusters......Page 489 References......Page 490 Poster Session......Page 492 1. Introduction......Page 494 2. Experiment......Page 495 3. Results......Page 496 References......Page 497 1. Introduction......Page 498 2. Experimental procedure......Page 499 3. Experimental results......Page 500 References......Page 501 1. Introduction......Page 502 3. Measurements and Analyses......Page 503 References......Page 505 Supernova Explosion Energy with Relativistic EoS Including Hyperon C. Ishizuka......Page 506 2. Construction of relativistic EOS table with hyperons......Page 507 3. Application to Hydro-dynarnical calculation......Page 508 References......Page 509 1. Introduction......Page 510 2. Results......Page 511 References......Page 513 1. Comparison of the Temperature......Page 514 3. Comparison of the Expansion Velocity......Page 515 4. Comparison of the Matter Density......Page 516 References......Page 517 1. Introduction......Page 518 2. Kaon Condensation in High-density Matter......Page 519 References......Page 521 Study of Proton Resonances in 26Si and 27P by the Elastic Scattering of 1H(25Al, p) 25Al, 1H(26Si, p)26Si J. Y. Moon......Page 522 2. Experimental procedure......Page 523 3. Preliminary results......Page 524 References......Page 525 1. Introduction......Page 526 3. Time evolution of dust-to-gas mass ratio and metallicity......Page 527 References......Page 529 1. Introduction......Page 530 3. Analysis and conclusions......Page 531 References......Page 533 Quantitative Estimate of the Reaction Dependence of the r-Process Nucleosynthesis T. Sasaqui......Page 534 2.1. Definition of Reaction Sensitivity......Page 535 2.2. Hydrodynamics......Page 536 References......Page 537 1. Introduction......Page 538 2.2.1 Cross section measurement of (n,y) reactions on Os isotopes......Page 540 References......Page 541 1. Nuclear Data Evaluations for Stellar Explosion Studies......Page 542 2. Strategies for Future Nuclear Astrophysics Data Activities......Page 543 References......Page 545 Nucleosynthesis in Extremely Metal Poor Stars and the Origin of the Most Metal-Poor Star HE0107-5240 T. Suda......Page 546 References......Page 549 I . Introduction......Page 550 3. The 11B,11 LQ reaction......Page 551 5. 56Fe(11B,11Li) reaction......Page 552 References......Page 553 1. Introduction......Page 554 2. p-TPC: advanced gaseous tracking device......Page 555 4. Conclusion......Page 556 References......Page 557 1. Introduction......Page 558 3. Results......Page 559 References......Page 561 2. Results......Page 562 3. Summary......Page 563 References......Page 564 1. Introduction......Page 566 2. Experimental Setup......Page 567 3. Results and Discussions......Page 568 References......Page 569 The Trojan Horse Method Applied to the Astrophysically Relevant Proton Capture Reactions on Li Isotopes A. Turmino......Page 570 2. Experimental details and results......Page 571 References......Page 573 1. Equation of state and pressure for neutron matter......Page 574 References......Page 577 1. Introduction......Page 578 3. Data of Presolar Grains from Supernovae......Page 579 4. Results and Discussion......Page 580 References......Page 581 Symposium Program......Page 582 List of Participants......Page 590 Author Index......Page 602 Annotation This is the proceedings of the International Symposium on Origin of Matter and Evolution of Galaxies which was held near Tokyo, Japan, in November 2003. The meeting brought together many scientists from vast fields--nuclear physics, particle physics, cosmic-ray physics, cosmology, astronomy, geophysics, and others--to promote discussion and collaboration