Origin Of Matter And Evolution Of Galaxies 2003: Riken, Japan 17 19 November 2003

CONTENTS Preface Review and Scope Origin and Evolution of Matter in Brane-World Cosmology G. J. Muthews 1. INTRODUCTION 2. Brane-World Cosmology 3. Disappearing Dark Matter 4. Time Varying vs. Galactic Chemical Evolution 5. The Search for a Compact Dimension 6. Conclusion References I. Big Bang Cosmology and Primordial Nucleosynthesis Updated Big-Bang Nucleosynthesis Compared to WMAP Results A. COC 1. Introduction 2. Nuclear reaction rates 3. SBBN calculations 4. Possible origins of 'Li discrepancy between SBBN and CMB 4.1. Stellar 4.2. Nuclear 4.3. Cosrnology 4.4. Pregalactic evolution 5. Conclusions References Decaying Cold Dark Matter Cosmology and CMB Anisotropies K. Ichiki 1. Introduction 2. CMB and DCDM 2.1. Background Equations 2.2. Perturbation Equations 2.3. Boltzmann Hierarchy for Daughter Radiation 3. CMB Constraint and Discussions 4. Conclusion References Hadronic Decay of SUSY Particle and Destruction of Light Elements K. Kohri References II. Observations: X-Rays, Cosmic Rays and Meteoritic Anomalies Nuclear Astrophysics with the INTEGRAL Observatory R. Diehl 1. Introduction 2. INTEGRAL and its Spectrometer 3. First Science Results 3.1. Interstellar 26Al 3.2. Positron Annihilation 4. Summary and Outlook Acknowledgments References Probing the Galactic Chemical Evolution of Si and Ti with Presolar Sic Grains S. Amari 1. Introduction 2. Silicon carbide grains of an AGB star origin 2.1. Carbon, N and Si isotopic ratios of SIC grains 2.2. AGB star origin of mainstream, Y and Z grains 2.3. Silicon and Ti 2.4. Z grains 3. Models of AGB stars 3.1. Comparison between the grain data and the models 3.1. I . Silicon 3.1.2. Titanium 4. Future work References XMM Observations of Metal Abundances in the Intracluster Medium K. Matsushita 1. Introduction 2. Observation 3. Result 4. Comparison with stellar metallicity and SN II abundance pattern 5. The Fe abundance profile and SN Ia contribution 6. The abundance ratios of O,Si and Fe and abundance pattern of SN Ia 7. The failure of the cooling flow model References Recent Advances in the Study of Extremely Metal-Poor Stars F.: Primas 1. Introduction: The Role of Metal-Poor Stars 2. Metal-Poor Stars: Searches and Findings 2.1. HE 0107–5240: the most metal-poor star ever found 2.2. Chemical Signatures of the First Stellar Generations 2.3. C-rich, Very Metal-Poor Stars 2.4. n-capture Nucleosynthesis in the Early Galaxy 2.4.1. Cosmo-chronometry: Dating Very Metal-Poor Stars 3. Concluding Remarks Acknow ledgernents References What Do Metal-Poor Stars Tell?: Origin of O-Zn and r-Process Elements I: Ishimaru 1. Introduction 2. Inhomogeneous Chemical Evolution 2.1. [X/Fe] us. [Fe/H] predicted by diflerent SN models 2.2. Statistical analysis of dispersions and SN yields 3. The site of r-process inferred from Eu abundances 3.1. Enrichment of Eu in the Halo 3.2. Detection of low Eu abundances 4. Conclusions References III. Weak Interaction, Neutrinos, Dark Matter Neutrino Experiments and Their Implications A. B. Balantekin 1. Introduction 2. Limits on Solar Density Fluctuations 3. Two-Body Axial Current 4. Implications for r-process Nucleosynthesis References Perspectives of Neutrino Studies by Neutrino-Less Double Beta Decays H. Ejiri 1. Majorana neutrino masses and double beta decays 2. Effective neutrino mass and neutrino mass spectrum 3. Sensitivity of Experiments to the effective neutrino mass 4. Rare nuclear decay measurements with signal selection by spatial and time correlation analyses 5 . Perspectives of experiments 5.1. MAJORANA for double beta decays of 76Ge 5.2. MOON for double beta decays of 100Mo 5.3. CUORE for double beta decays of 130Te 5.4. EXO for double beta decays of 136Xe 6. Summary and remarks References Current Status of Tokyo Dark Matter Experiment Y. Inoue 1. Introduction 2. LiF/NaF bolometer 2.1. Experimental set-up 2.2. Measurement and Result 3. Direction-sensitive organic crystal scintillator 3.1. Measurement of anisotropic scintillation response 3.2. Kamioka pilot experiment 4. Summary References High-Energy Neutrinos Produced by Interactions of Relativistic Protons in Shocked Pulsar Wind S. Nagataki 1. Introduction 2. Method of Calculation 2.1. Nebular Flow 2.2. Emissivity of High Eneqy Gamma-rays and Neutrinos 3. Results 4. Conclusion References IV. Evolution and Nucleosynthesis in Stars, and Cross Sections — Hydro Static Burning Recent Results for Proton Capture S Factors from Measurements of Asymptotic Normalization Coefficients R. Tribble 1. Introduction 2. Introduction to ANCs 3. Recent ANC Measurements 4. S factors from the ANCs and their astrophysical importance References Neutron Capture Cross Section of 14C Studied by Intermediate-Energy Coulomb Dissociation T. Nakamura 1. Introduction 2. Characteristics of Coulomb Dissociation of Halo Nuclei and Neutron Capture Reaction 3. Experimental Procedure 4. Results and Discussions 5 . Summary Acknowledgement References Nucleosynthesis in Massive Core-Collapse Supernovae as the Origin of Abundances in Extremely Metal-Poor Stars H. Umeda 1. Introduction 2. Nucleosynthesis calculations 2.1. Trends in the iron peak elements and hypernovae 3. EMP Stars with Typical (C-normal) Abundance Pattern 4. C-rich Fe-poor stars 4.1. The most Fe-poor star: HE 0107-5240 4.2. Other C-rich EMP stars References Evolution, Explosion, and Nucleosynthesis of Pop III Super-Massive Stars T Ohkubo 1. Introduction 2. Stellar Evolution 2.1. Models and Assumptions 2.2. Presupernova Evolution 3 . Explosion 3.1. Hydrodynamics 3.2. Nucleosynthesis 3.3. Treatment of Jet Matter 4. Results of Hydrodynamics 4.1. Ezplosion Energy and Ejected Mass 5. Explosive Nucleosynthesis 6. Integrated Abundance Patterns and Comparison with Observation 7. Conclusions References The Trojan Horse Method in Nuclear Astrophysics C. Spitaleri 1. INTRODUCTION 2. THE PRINCIPLE OF THE METHOD 2.1. Quasi-Free mechanism 2.2. From Quasi Free Reactions to the Trojan Horse Method 3. VALIDITY TEST FOR THE POLE APPROXIMATION 4. RESULTS 5 . CONCLUSIONS References The s-Process Nucleosynthesis in Massive Metal-Poor Stars N. Iwamoto 1. Introduction 2 . The Models 3. Results 3.1. 22Ne(n)25Mg reaction and the s-process 3.2. The s-Process in Extremely Low Metdlicity Stars 4. Conclusion References 186Re Isomer Contribution to 187Re-187Os Cosmochronometer T. Hayakawa 1. Introduction 2. Measurement of the neutron capture ratio of the isomer to the ground state in 186Re 3. Estimation using the steady-flow model 4. Summary References Direct Measurement of the E1 and E2 Cross Sections of the 12C ( , y)16O Reaction at Ec,m, = 1.3 1.5 MeV T. Shima 1. Introduction 2. Experimental Method 3. Data Analysis 4. Target Monitor 5. Result 6. Summary and Discussion Acknowledgments References V. Nuclear Data and Nuclear Physics Microscopic Nuclear Structure Relevant to Nuclear Astrophysics W Nazarewicz 1. Introduction 2. The Territory of Nucleonic Matter 3. Towards the Universal Nuclear Energy Density Functional 3.1. Density Functional Theory and Skyrme HFB 3.2. From Finite Nuclei to Bulk Nucleonic Matter 3.3. Microscopic Mass Table 4. Continuum Shell Model 4.1. Gamow Shell Model 5. Conclusions Acknowledgments References Theoretical Models for Nuclear Astrophysics P. Descouvement 1. Introduction 2. Theoretical models 2.1. General discussion 2.2. The R-matrix method 2.3. The DWBA method 2.4. Microscopic models 3. Conclusion References Global Calculations of Fission Barriers and Beta-Decay Properties of Neutron-Rich Nuclei P. Moller 1. Introduction 2. Fission-Barrier Studies 2.1. Shape Parameterization 2.2. Global Barrier Studies 2.3. Barriers of r-Process Nuclei 3. Decay Properties 4. Summary and Conclusions References Synthesis of Superheavy Elements K. Morita References Determination of S17, Based on CDCC Analysis of 8B Dissociation K. Ogata 1. Introduction 2. The Asymptotic Normalization Coefficient method 3. The method of Continuum-Discretized Coupled-C hannels 4. Numerical results and the extracted S17(0) 5. Summary and Conclusions Acknowledgement References VI. Novae, Supernovae, and Explosive Nucleosynthesis, GRB Models and Nuclearphysics Parameters The r-Process in Supernova Explosions from the Collapse of ONeMg Cores S. Wanajo 1. Introduction 2. Prompt Explosion 3. The r-Process 4. Contribution to Chemical Evolution of the Galaxy 5. Summary Acknowledgments References Nucleosynthesis in the Neutrino-Driven Winds from Rotating Proto-Neutron Stars T. Yamasaki References Neutrino Effects Before, During and After the Freezeout of the r-Process Nucleosynthesis M. Terasawa 1. Introduction 2. Calculations 2.1. Neutrino-Driven Winds 2.2. Neutrino-Nucleus Reactions and Network Calculations 3. Results 3.1. Effects of Neutral-Current Interactions 3.2. Effects of Charged-Current Interactions 4. Summary Acknowledgments References Half-Life Measurement of Neutron-Rich Nuclei and Future at RIBF S. Nishimura 1. Introduction 2. RIKEN RI Beam Factory (RIBF) 3. Half-life measurement 3.1. Development of beam-line detectors 4. Design and construction of beta counting system 4.1. Multi-layer stopper foils 4.2. Beta-my detection system 4.3. Half-life measurement at RIPS 4.4. Future upgrade of beta counting system 5 . Summary 5.1. Acknowledgments References Direct Measurements of the Astrophysical (n) and (p, n) Reactions by Using Low-Energy Light Neutron-Rich RNB H. Ishiyama 1. Introduction 2. Experiment 2.1. RNB production 2.2. Detector system 2.3. Measurements 3. Results 4. Summary Acknowledgments References A Hypernova Model for SN 2003dh/GRB 030329 N. Tominaga 1. Introduction 2. C+O star models for SNe Ic 3. Spectrum Synthesis 4. Light Curve Construction 5 . Light Curve Fitting 6. Discussion References The “Dark Side” of Gamma-Ray Bursts and Implications for Nucleosynthesis of Light and Heavy Elements S. Inoue 1. Introduction 2. Evidence for BROs: the “Dark Side” of GRBs 3. Nucleosynthesis in GRB-BROs 4. Observational Implications 5 . Conclusions and Outlook References Nucleosynthesis Inside Gamma-Ray Burst Accretion Disks S. Fujimoto 1. Introduction 2. Disk Model and Input Physics 3. Abundance Distribution inside Disks 4. Chemical Composition of Disk Winds 4.1. 56Ni in Winds 4.2. Chemical Composition of Winds 4.3. Chemical Composition of Winds from Neutron-rich Regions of Disks 5. Summary References Direct Measurement of the Astrophysical Reaction 14O(p)17F M. Notani 1. Introduction 2. Experimental Setup 3. Result and Discussion 4. Summary References Elastic Resonance Scattering of 23Mg+p T. Teranishi 1. Introduction 2. Experiment 3. Results 4. Summary References Resonance States in 22Mg, 26Si for Reaction Rates in the RP-Process Y. Shimizu 1. Introduction 2. Experiment 3. Data Analysis 4. Excitation energies in 22Mg 5. Excitation energies in 26Si 6. Summary and Conclusion 7. Acknowledgments References The 21Na(p, ) 22Mg Reaction from Ecm = 200 to 850 KeV in Explosive Stellar Events S. Bishop 1. Introduction 2. Resonant Stellar Reaction Rate and Yield 3. Experimental Facilities 4. Data and Results 4.1. 206 keV Resonance 4.2. 329 lceV Resonance 4.3. 454 keV Resonance 4.4. 538 and 740 keV Resonances 4.5. 8.20 KeV Resonance 5 . Conclusion References VII. Nuclear Equation of State and Neutron Stars Neutron Star Matter with In-Medium Meson Mass C. H. Hyun 1. Introduction 2. Models for Nuclear Matter and the Parameters 2.1. QHD 2.2. QHD-BR 2.3. MQMC 2.4. MQMC-BR 2.5. MQMC-MB 3. Application of the Models to Neutron Star Matter 3.1. EoS 3.2. Composition 4. Conclusion Acknowledgements References Screening Effect in Quark-Hadron Mixed Phase T. Tatsumi 1. Introduction 2. Bulk calculations and finite-size effects 3. Mechanical instability of the geometrical structure of SMP 3.1. Thermodynamic potential for hadron - quark deconfinement transition 3.2. Gauge invariance 3.3. Results 4. Summary and Concluding remarks Acknowledgments References Equation of State of Nuclear Matter, Neutron Rich Nuclei in Laboratories, and Pasta Nuclei in Neutron Star Crusts K. Oyamatsu 1. Introduction 2. Macroscopic nuclear model 3. Optimal relations among EOS parameters 4. Neutron rich nuclei in laboratories 5. Nuclei in neutron star crusts 6. Summary References Coulomb Screening Effect on the Nuclear-Pasta Structure T. Maruyama 1. Introduction 2. Density Functional Theory with the Relativistic Mean-field Model 3. Bulk Property of Finite Nuclei 4. Nuclear “Pasta” at Sub-nuclear Densities 4.1. Symmetric Nuclear Matter and the Coulomb Screening Eflect 4.2. Nuclear Matter in Beta Equilibrium 5. Summary and Concluding Remarks References VIII. Stellar Abundance, Galactic Chemical Evolution and Nucleo-Cosmochronology Measurements of Li and Eu Isotope Abundances in Metal-Deficient stars W Aoki 1. Measurements of isotope abundances in stellar photospheres 2. Eu isotopes in very metal-deficient stars 2.1. Eu isotopes produced by r-process 2.2. Eu isotopes produced by s-process: a new probe of 151Sm branching 3. Li isotopes Acknowledgments References Spectroscopic Studies of r-Process Elements in Very Metal-Poor Stars with Subaru/HDS S. Honda 1. Introduction 2. Observations 3. Results and Discussion References Light Elements Produced by Type IC Supernovae K. Nakamura 1. Introduction 2. Equations 3. Initial conditions 4. The Energy Distributions 5. Light Element Nucleosynthesis 5.1. Transfer Equation 5.2. Yields of Light Elements 6. Conclusion References Supernova Neutrinos and Their Influence on Nucleosynthesis: Light Elements and r-Process Elements T. Yoshida 1. Introduction 2. Calculations 3. Results 3.1. The Ejected Masses of 7Li and 11B 3.2. The r-Process Abundance Pattern 4. Discussion on the Galactic Chemical Evolution 5. Summary References Constraints on Globular Cluster Formation and Evolution from Magnesium Isotope Ratios and r-Process Elemental Abundances K. Otsuki 1. Introduction 2. Mg isotope ratio in NGC 6752 3. Theoretical calculations 3.1. A model for globular cluster formation 3.2. Our calculation 3.3. Results 4. Neutron capture elements in globular clusters Acknowledgments References Poster Session Coulomb Dissociation of 23Al — Study of the 22Mg(p, y) 23Al Reaction T Gomi 1. Introduction 2. Experiment 3. Results References Investigation of Resonant States in 23Al Using a Radioactive Beam of "Mg on a Proton Target J. He 1. Introduction 2. Experimental procedure 3. Experimental results Acknowledgments References Preliminary Analyses of Oxygen Abundances in Metal-Poor Stars Observed with OAO/HIDES M. Takada-Hidai 1. Introduction 2. Observations 3. Measurements and Analyses 4. Preliminary Results Acknowledgments References Supernova Explosion Energy with Relativistic EoS Including Hyperon C. Ishizuka 1. Introduction 2. Construction of relativistic EOS table with hyperons 3. Application to Hydro-dynarnical calculation References The p-Process in Core Collapse Supernovae: Influence of Different Explosion Energies and Metallicities N . Zwamoto 1. Introduction 2. Results References A Comparison Between an Ultra-Relativistic Au + Au Collision and the Primordial Universe J. S. Lange 1. Comparison of the Temperature 2. Comparison of the Size 3. Comparison of the Expansion Velocity 4. Comparison of the Matter Density References Kaon Condensation and the Non-Uniform Nuclear Matter T. Maruyama 1. Introduction 2. Kaon Condensation in High-density Matter 3. Summary and Concluding Remarks References Study of Proton Resonances in 26Si and 27P by the Elastic Scattering of 1H(25Al, p) 25Al, 1H(26Si, p)26Si J. Y. Moon 1. Introduction 2. Experimental procedure 3. Preliminary results References Dust Formation and Evolution in the Early Universe T. Nozawa 1. Introduction 2. The amount of dust grains formed in the ejecta of Population III supernovae 3. Time evolution of dust-to-gas mass ratio and metallicity Acknowledgments References Quasi-Free Proton-Proton Elastic Scattering in the Trojan Horse Framework M. G. Pellegriti 1. Introduction 2. Experimental set-up 3. Analysis and conclusions References Quantitative Estimate of the Reaction Dependence of the r-Process Nucleosynthesis T. Sasaqui 1. Introduction 2. Estimate of Sensitivity 2.1. Definition of Reaction Sensitivity 2.2. Hydrodynamics 3. Calculated Result References Neutron Experiment for the Study of Re/Os Cosmochronometer M. Segawa 1. Introduction 2. Experimental Method 2.1. Neutron Source 2.2. Detecting System 2.2.1 Cross section measurement of (n,y) reactions on Os isotopes 2.2.2 Cross section measurement of (n,n') reactions on Os isotopes 3. Conclusion References Recent Nuclear Astrophysics Data Activities at ORNL M. Smith 1. Nuclear Data Evaluations for Stellar Explosion Studies 2. Strategies for Future Nuclear Astrophysics Data Activities References Nucleosynthesis in Extremely Metal Poor Stars and the Origin of the Most Metal-Poor Star HE0107-5240 T. Suda References The Nuclear Responses for Double Beta Neutrinos and Double Spin Isospin Resonances by Using of Double Charge Exchange Heavy Ion Reaction K. Takahisa I . Introduction 2. Double charge exchange reaction 3. The 11B,11 LQ reaction 4. 13C(11B,11Li reaction 5. 56Fe(11B,11Li) reaction 6. Discussion and Conclusion References NEWAGE Project — Dark Matter Detection with an Advanced Gaseous Tracking Device A. Takeda 1. Introduction 2. p-TPC: advanced gaseous tracking device 3. WIMP-wind detection with p-TPC 4. Conclusion References What is the Real Origin of Presolar-Nova Grains? M. Terasawa 1. Introduction 2. Calculations and Parameters for Nova Explosions 3. Results 4. Discussions Acknowledgments References AMD+GCM Study of Structure of Carbon Isotopes G. Thiamova 1. Introduction 2. Results 3. Summary References Study of the 26Si(p,) 27P Reaction by the Coulomb Dissociation Method Y. Togano 1. Introduction 2. Experimental Setup 3. Results and Discussions 4. Summary References The Trojan Horse Method Applied to the Astrophysically Relevant Proton Capture Reactions on Li Isotopes A. Turmino 1. General Introduction 2. Experimental details and results References Neutron Skin and Equation of State in Asymmetric Nuclear Matter S. Yoshida 1. Equation of state and pressure for neutron matter 2. Summary References Supernova Mixing Models for Isotopic Ratios of Presolar Grains T. Yoshida 1. Introduction 2. Supernova Model 3. Data of Presolar Grains from Supernovae 4. Results and Discussion References Symposium Program List of Participants Author Index This is the proceedings of the International Symposium on Origin of Matter and Evolution of Galaxies which was held near Tokyo, Japan, in November 2003. The meeting brought together many scientists from vast fields — nuclear physics, particle physics, cosmic-ray physics, cosmology, astronomy, geophysics, and others — to promote discussion and collaboration.The proceedings have been selected for coverage in:• Index to Scientific & Technical Proceedings® (ISTP® / ISI Proceedings)• Index to Scientific & Technical Proceedings (ISTP CDROM version / ISI Proceedings)• CC Proceedings — Engineering & Physical Sciences