Origin of cosmic rays : symposium no. 94, jointly with international Union of Pure and Applied Physics, held in Bologna, Italy, June 11-14, 1980

The cosmic radiation was discovered by Hess in 1912 but its origin is still the subject of much controversy and considerable study. For several decades most workers in the cosmic ray field were interested in the Nuclear Physical aspect of the particle beam and many important dis­ coveries were made, notably the identification of the positron, the muon, the pion and the strange particles. More recently however, em­ phasis has changed to the Astrophysical aspect both with re8ard to the origin of the radiation and to its relation with the other radiation fields. Mindful of the increasing importance of the Astrophysical facets of the subject the Cosmic Ray Commission of IUPAP approached the High Energy Astrophysics Commission of the IAU with the suggestion of a joint Symposium on Cosmic Ray Origin. The plan was to bring together workers in all the various astronomical fields - from Radio, through Optical to Gamma Rays - with Cosmic Ray physicists and to fully explore the various interrelations. The approach was received with enthusiasm and this book contains the proceedings of the ensuing Symposium, (styled IUPAP/ IAU Symposium No. 94) which was held in Bologna from 11th - 14th June 1980. Virtually all the papers presented are reproduced here. The Scientific Organizing Committee chose the invited speakers whose papers formed the major scientific component of the meeting. Additional short contributed papers were also called for and very brief 2-page resumes (which have not been refereed) are given in the proceedings. Front Matter....Pages i-xv The Origin of Cosmic Rays (Introductory Remarks)....Pages 1-6 Review of Cosmic Rays....Pages 7-22 Isotopes in Galactic Cosmic Rays....Pages 23-30 The Charge and Isotopic Composition of Z ≥ 10 Nuclei in the Cosmic Ray Source....Pages 31-32 Isotopes of Cosmic Ray Elements from Neon to Nickel....Pages 33-34 Wolf Rayet Stars and the Origin of the 22 Ne Excess in Cosmic Rays....Pages 35-36 CR-39 Plastic Track Detector Experiment for Measurement of Charge Composition of Primary Cosmic Rays....Pages 37-38 Supernova and Cosmic Rays....Pages 39-50 What Can We Learn about Cosmic Rays from the UV, Optical, Radio and X-ray Observations of Supernova 1979c in M 100?....Pages 51-52 Very High Energy Cosmic Rays....Pages 53-68 Diffusion of High Energy Cosmic Rays from the Virgo Cluster....Pages 69-70 On the Detection of Heavy Primaries Above 10 14 eV....Pages 71-72 Interstellar and Intracluster Tunnels and Acceleration of High-Energy Cosmic Rays....Pages 73-74 Features of the High Energy Electron Spectrum....Pages 75-76 Ultra Heavy Cosmic Rays....Pages 77-89 The Heavy Nuclei Experiment on HEAO-3....Pages 91-92 Propagation Studies Related to the Origin of Cosmic Rays....Pages 93-106 Interpretation of Cosmic Ray Composition: The Pathlength Distribution....Pages 107-108 Are Stellar Flares and the Galactic Cosmic Rays Related?....Pages 109-110 Extended Radio Sources....Pages 111-125 Compact Radio Sources....Pages 127-137 Nuclei of Galaxies: The Origin of Plasma Beams....Pages 139-164 The Common Properties of Plerions and Active Galactic Nuclei....Pages 165-166 Central Radio Sources in Galaxies....Pages 167-168 A Selfconsistent Multiple Compton Scattering Model for the X and γ-ray Emission from Active Galactic Nuclei....Pages 169-170 Symmetry Breaking and Invariant Mass Approach to the Spiral Structure of Galaxies....Pages 171-172 Neutrino Emission from Galaxies and Mechanisms for Producing Radio Lobes....Pages 173-174 Particle Acceleration by Pulsars....Pages 175-204 γ-ray Emission from Slow Pulsars....Pages 205-206 Distribution of Neutrino Fluxes from Pulsar Shells....Pages 207-208 Distribution of Non-Thermal Emission in Galaxies....Pages 209-214 Cosmic Rays and Galactic Radio Noise....Pages 215-216 The All-sky 408 MHz Survey....Pages 217-219 The Large-Scale Distribution of Synchrotron Emissivity in the Galaxy....Pages 223-224 Radio Emission from Nearby Galaxies at High Frequencies....Pages 225-226 High-Density, Cool Regions of Interstellar Matter in the Galaxy....Pages 227-250 Cosmic-Ray Self-Confinement in the Hot Phase of the Interstellar Medium....Pages 251-252 Rayleigh Taylor Instabilities in the Interstellar Medium....Pages 253-254 Nonlinear Landau Damping of Alfven Waves and the Production and Propagation of Cosmic Rays....Pages 255-256 Cosmic Ray Antiprotons 5–12 GeV....Pages 257-258 Anti-Protons in the Primary Cosmic Radiation....Pages 259-260 The X-Ray Sky....Pages 261-272 Quasar Contribution to the X-Ray Background....Pages 273-274 Dynamical Behaviour of Gaseous Halo in a Disk Galaxy....Pages 275-276 The Fluctuations of the Cosmic X-Ray Background as a Sensitive Tool to the Universal Source Distribution....Pages 277-278 The Gamma-Ray Sky....Pages 279-307 Gamma Rays from Cosmic Rays....Pages 309-319 Cosmic Rays from Regions of Star Formation....Pages 321-322 Cosmic Rays from Regions of Star Formation....Pages 323-324 Cosmic Rays from Regions of Star Formation....Pages 325-326 High Energy γ-rays from the Direction of the Crab Pulsar....Pages 327-328 A New Kind of Gamma Ray Burst?....Pages 329-330 The Components of the Galactic γ-ray Emission....Pages 331-332 Gamma Rays from Galaxy Clusters....Pages 333-334 High Energy Gamma Rays from Accretion Disc....Pages 335-336 Search for X-ray Sources in the COS-B Gamma-Ray Error Boxes....Pages 337-338 The Acceleration of Galactic Cosmic Rays....Pages 339-358 Cosmic Ray Acceleration in the Presence of Losses....Pages 359-360 Cosmic-Ray Injection Into Shock-Waves....Pages 361-362 Shock Structure Including Cosmic Ray Acceleration....Pages 363-364 Selective Effects in Cosmic Rays Induced by Coulombian Interactions with Finite Temperature Plasmas....Pages 365-366 High Energy Phenomena in the Sun....Pages 367-372 Magnetospheric Processes Possibly Related to the Origin of Cosmic Rays....Pages 373-391 On the Mechanism of Generation of Solar Cosmic Rays Enriched by Helium-3 and Heavy Elements....Pages 393-394 On 3 -He Rich Solar Particle Events....Pages 395-396 Cosmic Ray Evidence for the Magnetic Configuration of the Heliosphere....Pages 397-398 Concluding Remarks....Pages 399-403 Back Matter....Pages 405-409 Edited By Giancarlo Setti, Gianfranco Spada, Arnold W. Wolfendale. At Head Of Title: International Astronomical Union, Union Astronomique Internationale. Includes Bibliographies And Index. Proceedings of IAU Symposium No. 94, jointly with International Union of Pure and Applied Physics, held in Bologna, Italy, 11-14 June 1980