Origin, Evolution, and Modern Aspects of Biomineralization in Plants and Animals

The Fifth International Biomineralization Symposium was held in May 1986 at The University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, Texas. The chosen theme was the origin, evolution and modern aspects of biomineralization in plants and animals. Thus, the symposium was designed to bring together experts in ocean and atmospheric chemistry, geochemistry, paleontology, biology, medicine and related fields to share accumulated knowledge and to broaden research horizons. The contents of this volume reflect the diversified interests and views of contributors from these fields. Topics range from contrasting views of the origin of ocean chemistry, the cause or causes for the biomineralization among plants and animals, the evolution of style and structure of biomineralization, and the role of inorganic and organic compounds in biomineraliza­ tion. It was clear from those gathered in Arlington that the efforts of all researchers in any aspect of biomineralization can be strengthened and extended by greater exposure to the work of others in allied fields. At the time of this printing, several collaborative efforts have grown from interest and contacts developed during the symposium. Rex E. Crick viii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The symposium would not have occurred with the financial support of The Organized Research Fund of The University of Texas at Arlington and The Sea Grant Program administered by Texas A & M University. The staff of the Department of Geology of The University of Texas at Arlington were largely responsible for providing a pleasant atmosphere for learning. Front Matter....Pages i-xii Some Factors Influencing Biomineralization in Earth History....Pages 1-10 Biomineralization and Tentative Links to Plate Tectonics....Pages 11-27 The Soda Ocean Concept and Its Bearing on Biotic Evolution....Pages 29-43 Organismic Autonomy in Biomineralization Processes....Pages 45-56 Biomineralization Mechanisms....Pages 57-73 The Evolution of Mineral Skeletons....Pages 75-94 Evolution of Biomineralization Systems within the Cephalopoda....Pages 95-102 Tidally Deposited Bands in Shells of Barnacles and Molluscs....Pages 103-124 Silicification Processes in Sponges: Geodia Asters and the Problem of Morphogenesis of Spicule Shape....Pages 125-136 Structure of Molluscan Prismatic Shell Layers....Pages 137-151 Architecture and Chemical Composition of the Magnetite-Bearing Layer in the Radula Teeth of Chiton Olivaceus (Polyplacophora)....Pages 153-166 Calcium Binding Substance in the Hermatypic Coral, Acropora Hebes (Dana)....Pages 167-174 Skeletal Organization in Caribbean Acropora Spp. (Lamarck)....Pages 175-199 Calcite Centers of Calcification in Mussa Angulosa (Scleractinia)....Pages 201-207 Extra-, Inter-, and Intracellular Mineralization in Invertebrates and Algae....Pages 209-223 Ultrastructural and Protein Aspects of Apatite Formation in Vertebrate Hard Tissues....Pages 225-235 The Phosphatic Mode of Calcification in Ontogeny and Phylogeny of the Integument and Skeleton of Vertebrates....Pages 237-249 Low Temperature Carbonate Phosphate Materials or the Carbonate — Apatite Problem: A Review....Pages 251-264 Phosphorus and the Ferritin Iron Core: Function-Balanced Biomineralization....Pages 265-272 The Role of Inorganic Phosphate in Iron Oxide Biomineralization....Pages 273-288 High Capacity Calcium-Binding Proteins as Intermediate Calcium Carriers in Biological Mineralization....Pages 289-298 Morphology and Biomineralization: A Carbonate Model....Pages 299-302 Mineral Induction by the Soluble Matrix from Molluscan Shells....Pages 303-308 Composition and Association of Organic Matter with Calcium Carbonate and the Origin of Calcification....Pages 309-323 The Proteins in the Shell of Lingula ....Pages 325-328 Amino Acids in Planktonic Foraminifera: Are They Phylogenetically Useful?....Pages 329-338 Ontogenetic Variations in the Distribution of Ca and Mg in Skeletal Tissues of Vertebrates and Invertebrates....Pages 339-347 Strontium is Required in Artificial Seawater for Embryonic Shell Formation in Two Species of Bivalve Molluscs....Pages 349-366 Form and Function of Calcium Concretions in Unionids....Pages 367-384 Trace Metal Concentration in Fossil and Recent Shells of the Arctic Infaunal Bivalve, Mya truncata L.....Pages 385-392 Function of Molluscan Statocysts....Pages 393-408 Calcification in Higher Plants with Special Reference to Cystoliths....Pages 409-418 Aspects of Biological Silicification....Pages 419-431 Systems of Biomineralization in the Fungi....Pages 433-441 Growth and Calcification of Calothrix — Dominated Oncolites from Northern England....Pages 443-454 Peridial Calcification in the Myxomycetes....Pages 455-488 Manganese Transformations by Marine Bacillus Species....Pages 489-496 The Effect of Magnetotactic Bacteria on the Magnetic Properties of Marine Sediments....Pages 497-506 Silica Precipitation Induced by the Anaerobic Sulfate Reducing Bacterium Desulfovibrio Desulfuricans : Effects Upon Cell Morphology and Implications for Preservation....Pages 507-516 Model for Prokaryotic Calcification....Pages 517-523 Back Matter....Pages 525-536 Based on the proceedings of the Fifth International Symposium held at the University of Texas at Arlington, May 18-23, 1986