Organic Ferroelectric Materials and Applications (Woodhead Publishing Series in Electronic and Optical Materials)

Organic Ferroelectric Materials and Applications aims to bring an up-to date account of the field with discussion of recent findings. This book presents an interdisciplinary resource for scientists from both academia and industry on the science and applications of molecular organic piezo- and ferroelectric materials. The book addresses the fundamental science of ferroelectric polymers, molecular crystals, supramolecular networks, and other key and emerging organic materials systems. It touches on important processing and characterization methods and provides an overview of current and emerging applications of organic piezoelectrics and ferroelectrics for electronics, sensors, energy harvesting, and biomedical technologies. Organic Ferroelectric Materials and Applications will be of special interest to those in academia or industry working in materials science, engineering, chemistry, and physics. Provides an overview of key physical properties of the emerging piezoelectric and ferroelectric molecular and supramolecular systems Discusses best practices of processing, patterning, and characterization methods and techniques Addresses current and emerging applications for electronics, materials development, sensors, energy harvesting, and biomedical technologies 0402c793_Cover Front-Matter_2022_Organic-Ferroelectric-Materials-and-Applications Front matter Copyright_2022_Organic-Ferroelectric-Materials-and-Applications Copyright Contents Contributors_2022_Organic-Ferroelectric-Materials-and-Applications Contributors Preface_2022_Organic-Ferroelectric-Materials-and-Applications Preface 1---Introduction_2022_Organic-Ferroelectric-Materials-and-Applications Introduction Piezoelectric phenomena Pyroelectric phenomena Ferroelectric phenomena Conclusion References 2---Ferroelectric-charge-transfer-_2022_Organic-Ferroelectric-Materials-and- Ferroelectric charge-transfer complexes Introduction Background Valence instability Lattice instability Experimental probes of ionicity Experimental probes for lattice deformation Spin-Peierls transition system Tetrathiafulvalene-p-bromanil Other ionic CT complexes Neutral-ionic transition (NIT) system Tetrathiafulvalene-p-chloranil family Temperature-induced NIT Ferroelectric properties Theoretical evaluation of polarizations Structural evaluations Dielectric properties Soft mode Domain-wall excitations and transport Impurity doping and one-dimensional relaxor Quantum ferroelectricity Quantum phase transition TTF-QI4 family TTF-QBr2I2 under hydrostatic pressure Other NIT systems provision TMB-TCNQ Antiferroelectric DMTTF-QCl4 family p-Phenylenediamine complexes BEDT-TTF-ClMeTCNQ TTC1-TTF complexes Effective clues for developing NIT ferroelectrics Miscellaneous approach to ferroelectric CT complexes Bending deformation Dimethyldihydrophenazine system Phenothiazine system Molecular-disk rotation Electronic ferroelectricity in CT salts One-dimensional system: (TMTTF)2X Two-dimensional system: (BEDT-TTF)2X Other dielectric CT complexes Summary and outlook Acknowledgment References 3---Hydrogen-bonded-organic-molecular-ferr_2022_Organic-Ferroelectric-Materi Hydrogen-bonded organic molecular ferroelectrics/antiferroelectrics Introduction Prototropic ferroelectrics Development of dielectrics at the early stage Structural assessments with the aid of a database Materials and microscopic mechanisms Macroscopic properties Quantum theory and simulations Structure-property relationship Proton-transfer-type binary components Supramolecular cocrystals with heteronuclear hydrogen bonds Overview Neutral supramolecules Ionic supramolecules Proton-transfer salts with homonuclear hydrogen bonds Organic ammonium salts Supramolecules with a proton sponge Zwitterions Variations of the hydrogen-bonded ferroelectrics Proton-transfer-type antiferroelectrics Antiferroelectricity Squaric acid Electrostatic energy storage Giant electrostriction Metaelectric transitions other than antiferroelectricity Domain structures Summary and outlook Acknowledgement References 4---Synthesis-of-polyvinylidene-fluorid_2022_Organic-Ferroelectric-Materials Synthesis of polyvinylidene fluoride and its copolymers Fluorinated polymers Poly(vinylidene fluoride) Homopolymerization of PVDF Vinylidene fluoride-based copolymers Well-defined copolymers containing PVDF Free radical polymerization Polycondensation Controlled radical polymerization Atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) Reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer polymerization (RAFT)/macromolecular design via reversible additio ... Iodine transfer polymerization Click chemistry Grafting Applications Conclusion References 5---Ferroelectric-polymer-blends-for-opt_2022_Organic-Ferroelectric-Material Ferroelectric polymer blends for optoelectronic applications Introduction Thermodynamic preliminaries Ferroelectric polymer blends: Morphologies, phase separations, and ferroelectric polarization behaviors Blends with dielectric polymers Blends with semiconductors Blends with ionic liquids (ILs) Optoelectronic applications with ferroelectric polymer blends Nonvolatile memories Capacitive energy storage Solar cells with built-in electric fields Self-assembled ferroelectric block copolymers Concluding remarks Acknowledgments References 5f3c611e_viii 6---Nylons_2022_Organic-Ferroelectric-Materials-and-Applications Nylons Introduction Ferroelectricity in the crystalline phase of nylons Polymorphism and mesophase structure in odd- and even-numbered n-nylons Ferroelectricity in odd- and even-numbered n-nylons Ferroelectricity in nylon-12 Ferroelectricity in nylon-6 Ferroelectricity in nylon-11 Comparison of ferroelectricity for mesomorphic even- and odd-numbered nylon films Ferroelectricity in amorphous phases of nylons Ferroelectric behavior for the amorphous phases in aliphatic n-nylons Ferroelectric behavior in amorphous aromatic nylons Novel ferroelectric nylons: SHL and DHL Narrow double hysteresis loop (DHL) from even-numbered nylons Narrow single hysteresis loop from nylon terpolymers Discussion of ferroelectric behaviors in PVDF- and nylon-based polymers Summary and outlook References 7---Switching-dynamics-in-organic-f_2022_Organic-Ferroelectric-Materials-and Switching dynamics in organic ferroelectrics Introduction Dipole switching in organic ferroelectric materials Polymers Liquid crystals Crystals Analytical models Nucleation: KAI Merz law TA-NLS Thermally activated Merz Dispersive switching Nucleation limited switching Inhomogeneous field mechanism Preisach model Introduction The physical basis of the Preisach model Applications of the Preisach model Monte Carlo models Introduction Monte Carlo simulations on ferroelectrics Kinetic Monte Carlo simulations on PVDF Kinetic Monte Carlo simulations on BTA Retention Hysteresis loops The effect of disorder Switching transients Molecular dynamics MD on ferroelectrics MD on PVDF MD on BTA First-principle theory Density functional theory DFT on PVDF DFT on BTA Conclusion and outlook References 8---Piezoresponse-force-microscopy-for-functi_2022_Organic-Ferroelectric-Mat Piezoresponse force microscopy for functional imaging of organic ferroelectrics Introduction Principles of piezoresponse force microscopy Challenges of PFM characterization in organic ferroelectrics Application of PFM technique to organic ferroelectrics Domain imaging and polarization switching in ferroelectric polymers Domain imaging in simple molecular ferroelectrics Order-disorder and displacive systems Hydrogen-bonded proton-transfer systems Probing hybrid organic-inorganic perovskites by PFM Application of PFM to biomaterials Conclusion and outlook References 9---Dielectric-spectroscopy-of-ferroe_2022_Organic-Ferroelectric-Materials-a Dielectric spectroscopy of ferroelectric polymers Introduction Methodological aspects Measurement technique The effect of crystal and supramolecular structure of the ferroelectric polymers on their dielectric properties Dielectric properties of textured ferroelectric films Peculiarities of dielectric relaxation in ultrathin films Space charge relaxation and phase transitions in heterogeneous ferroelectric polymers References 10---Liquid-structuring-in-fluoropolymer-_2022_Organic-Ferroelectric-Materia Liquid structuring in fluoropolymer solutions induced by water Introduction Some theoretical ingredients Flory-Huggins theory Multicomponent liquid-vapor exchange Water vapor-induced demixing in fluoropolymer films Controlled LLPS in electrospun fluoropolymer fibers Conclusions References 11---Solution-processing-of-piezoelectric_2022_Organic-Ferroelectric-Materia Solution processing of piezoelectric unconventional structures Introduction Processing and applications of unconventional structures Membranes Thermally induced phase separation Nonsolvent-induced phase separation Vapor-induced phase separation Porogen leaching Fibers Electrospinning Melt electrowriting Microspheres and microparticles Emulsification solvent extraction/evaporation Spray drying Electrospray Microfluidics Patterning Template patterning Anodic aluminum oxide templates Printed technologies Printable piezoelectric materials 2D printing of piezoelectric materials 3D printing of piezoelectric materials State-of-art of printed piezoelectric devices Final remarks and future trends Acknowledgment References 12---Polarization-of-ferroelectric-polym_2022_Organic-Ferroelectric-Material Polarization of ferroelectric polymers through electrolytes Introduction Ferroelectric/electrolyte interface: The basic concept Applications Passive addressing of electrochromic displays Nonlinearity in organic electrolyte-gated transistors Organic artificial synapses Electrophoretic display cells Concluding remarks References 13---Piezoelectric-composit_2022_Organic-Ferroelectric-Materials-and-Applica Piezoelectric composites Introduction Basic concepts Critical review Nonconductive fillers Ceramics Lead-based Lead-free Potassium sodium niobate (KNN) Barium titanate (BT) Metal oxides Iron oxide (Fe2O3) and cobalt oxide (Co3O4) Zinc oxide (ZnO) Magnesium oxide (MgO) Silicon dioxide (SiO2) and titanium dioxide (TiO2) Salts Conductive fillers Graphene and RGO CNTs Other fillers Hybrid nanofillers Porosity as tertiary phase Polymers and polymer blends PVDF-based composite fibers Concluding remarks Dedication References 14---Ferroelectric-polymer-composites-for_2022_Organic-Ferroelectric-Materia Ferroelectric polymer composites for capacitive energy storage Introduction Dielectric materials for capacitive energy storage Ferroelectric polymer dielectrics for capacitive energy storage Ferroelectric polymers Ferroelectric polymer nanocomposites Binary ferroelectric polymer nanocomposites Ternary ferroelectric polymer nanocomposites Layer-structured ferroelectric polymer nanocomposites Conclusion and perspective References 15---Ferroelectric-polymers-for-ener_2022_Organic-Ferroelectric-Materials-an Ferroelectric polymers for energy harvesting Introduction Ferroelectric polymers Piezoelectric nanogenerators PENGs based on ferroelectric polymer thin films PENGs based on polymer fibers PENGs based on nanostructured ferroelectric polymers PENGs based on nanocomposites Pyroelectric nanogenerators Triboelectric nanogenerators TENGs based on ferroelectric polymers TENGs based on composites Hybrid nanogenerator Nanogenerators beyond PVDF Conclusion References 16---Electrocaloric-effects-in-ferroe_2022_Organic-Ferroelectric-Materials-a Electrocaloric effects in ferroelectric polymers Introduction Electrocaloric effect in ferroelectric polymers Classification of electrocaloric effect in ferroelectric polymers Electrocaloric effect in normal ferroelectric polymers Electrocaloric effect in relaxor ferroelectric polymers Electrocaloric effect in ferroelectric polymer-based composites Electrocaloric effect in polymer-polymer composites Electrocaloric effect in polymer-inorganic composites Polymer-based electrocaloric effect devices Outlook References 17---Biomimetic-biocompatible-ferroelectric-polymer_2022_Organic-Ferroelectr Biomimetic biocompatible ferroelectric polymer materials with an active response for implantology and regenerative medicine Basic criteria for biocompatibility of the implantable materials and their evolution from passive (since 1970) to a ... Surface physics of the implantable material and biointerface as a prerequisite of biocompatibility Excitable membrane-mimetic materials with nonstationary reaction-diffusion properties for development of biocompati ... Biocompatibility criteria of ferroelectric polymers as a consequent of bioferroelectricity Electrophysical criteria for active biocompatible biomimetic implants-From energy harvesting toward reactivity Excitability and multiparametric active response of soft matter/polymer ferroelectric materials to different extern ... Implantable PVDF-based sensors and actuators within the framework of ``artificial life ́ ́ and self-organization concepts Emergent biomimetic ferroelectric scaffolds as sensors and actuators for the feedback-controlled tissue morphogenesis From PVDF-based sensing to acoustically guided implantable microfluidics and acoustofluidic micro total analysis sy ... Surface electrocapillary effect and implantable ferroelectric thread-based microfluidics Conclusions Acknowledgments References Index_2022_Organic-Ferroelectric-Materials-and-Applications Index aacbefb4_Back_Cover "Organic Ferroelectric Materials and Applications aims to bring an up-to date account of the field with discussion of recent findings. This book presents an interdisciplinary resource for scientists from both academia and industry on the science and applications of molecular organic piezo- and ferroelectric materials. The book addresses the fundamental science of ferroelectric polymers, molecular crystals, supramolecular networks, and other key and emerging organic materials systems. It touches on important processing and characterization methods and provides an overview of current and emerging applications of organic piezoelectrics and ferroelectrics for electronics, sensors, energy harvesting, and biomedical technologies. Organic Ferroelectric Materials and Applications will be of special interest to those in academia or industry working in materials science, engineering, chemistry, and physics."--Back cover