Organ replacement therapy : ethics, justice, commerce : first joint meeting of ESOT and EDTA/ERA, Munich, December 1990

Leading medical ethicists, theologists, lawyers, transplant surgeons and physicians discuss 5 major ethical topics concerning the transplantation of human organs. Front Matter....Pages I-XXIII Front Matter....Pages 1-1 Theories of Medical Ethics: The Professional Model Compared with the Societal Model....Pages 3-9 Front Matter....Pages 11-11 Legal Implications of the Principle Primum Nihil Nocere As It Applies to Live Donors....Pages 13-17 Voluntarism of Consent in Both Related and Unrelated Living Organ Donors....Pages 18-24 Medical Risk and Benefit in Renal Donors: The Use of Living Donors Is Justified....Pages 25-31 Medical Risk and Benefit in Renal Donors: The Use of Living Donation Reconsidered....Pages 32-39 Attitudes to Using Living Related Kidney Donors in The Netherlands....Pages 40-43 Living Organ Donation in The Netherlands and in Some Other Countries....Pages 44-47 Allowing Relatives to Bridge the Gap: The Norwegian Experience....Pages 48-49 The Living Donor in Kidney Transplantation: The Gothenburg Experience (1965–1990) From 490 Consecutive Donor Nephrectomies....Pages 50-53 Living Donor Kidney Transplantation in the United Kingdom and Ireland: Does Donor-Recipient Age Difference Matter?....Pages 54-56 Retrospective Evaluation of Psychosocial Factors in Former Living Related Kidney Donors....Pages 57-59 Results of an Audit of Living Related Renal Allograft Donation From a Single Centre....Pages 60-63 Renal Transplantation From a Living Related Donor....Pages 64-73 Organ Donation with Living Related Donors with Cancer....Pages 74-76 Social Aspects of Kidney Donations in 300 Living Related and Unrelated Renal Transplantations....Pages 77-82 Living Related Liver Transplantation in an Adult and a Child....Pages 83-92 Medical Risks and Benefit of Pancreas Transplants from Living Related Donors....Pages 93-101 Medical Risk and Benefit in Living Pancreas Segment Donors....Pages 102-105 Medical Risk and Benefit in Living Pancreas Segment Donors....Pages 106-109 Medical Risk and Benefit in Living Small-Bowel Segment Donors....Pages 110-116 Front Matter....Pages 11-11 Living Donor Nonrenal Organ Transplantation: A Focus on Living Related Orthotopic Liver Transplantation....Pages 117-129 Living Related Liver Transplantation: A Note of Caution....Pages 130-135 Front Matter....Pages 145-145 Is There a Universal System of Ethics or are Ethics Culture-Specific?....Pages 147-153 Preventing Commercial Transactions in Human Organs and Tissues: An International Overview of Regulatory and Administrative Measures....Pages 154-163 The Negative Impact of Paid Organ Donation....Pages 164-172 Organ Donation for Consideration: An Indian View Point....Pages 173-180 Rewarded Gifting and Rampant Commercialism in Perspective: Is There a Difference?....Pages 181-189 From Him that Hath Not....Pages 190-196 Aspects of Living Organ Donation with Emphasis on the Fight Against Commercialism....Pages 197-199 The Ugly Head of Commercialism in Organ Transplantation in Greece....Pages 200-202 Fallouts of Commercialism in Organ Donation as Seen in Pakistan....Pages 203-205 Organ Grafting and Human Society....Pages 206-213 European Community Law and its Effects on Import and Export of Human Cells and Tissue....Pages 214-218 Legal and Practical Consequences of the Commercial Use of Human Cells and Tissues....Pages 219-224 Front Matter....Pages 239-239 Brain Death as Death of a Human Being: A Matter of Image of Man....Pages 241-244 Theological Aspects of Brain Death with Regard to the Death of a Person....Pages 245-248 Philosophical Arguments in Accepting Brain Death Criteria....Pages 249-258 What Were the Problems of Getting Brain Death Accepted in Denmark: The Beginning and End of a Controversy....Pages 259-263 When is a Person Dead?: the Answer of the European Philosophers and Poets....Pages 264-265 Brain Death as Identity Loss....Pages 266-267 Front Matter....Pages 239-239 Ethical and Practical Problems of Setting Up a System of Elective Ventilation....Pages 268-272 Responsible Involvement on a Large Scale: The Gift of Life in Implicit Solidarity....Pages 273-275 Presumed Consent and Cadaver Organ Donation: Is There a Place for Family Involvement?....Pages 276-279 Organ Donation by Presumed Consent: Consequences and Duties to the Society That Legalizes It....Pages 280-283 Donor Recruitment: Individual Rights on Health Care and the Feasibility of a Presumed Consent and a Required Request System....Pages 284-286 Psycholegal Aspects of Organ Procurement Systems....Pages 287-290 Current Practice and the Legal, Ethical, and Religious Status of Post Mortem Organ Donation in the Islamic World....Pages 291-299 Resistance to Cadaveric Organ Donation: Experience in a Developing Country....Pages 300-301 The Ethical Virtues of a Futures Market in Cadaveric Organs....Pages 302-310 Front Matter....Pages 329-329 Who Empowers Medical Doctors to Make Allocative Decisions For Dialysis and Organ Transplantation?....Pages 331-336 A Central Paradox in Medicine: The Ethical Tension Between Self-Interest and Altruism....Pages 337-343 The Role of Entrepreneurial Factors in Health Care Systems....Pages 344-346 What Could Be Done to Regulate Profit in Dialysis Centers? Propositions From Some French Realities....Pages 347-352 Excuses of Nephrologists Not to Transplant....Pages 353-363 Unlimited Admission of Patients to the Waiting List for Transplantation....Pages 364-367 Foreign Versus One’s Own Country Waiting List in the Case of Organ Shortage....Pages 368-372 The Ethical Problems of Triage for Renal Failure in the United Kingdom....Pages 373-376 Hypotheses, Basal Conditions, and Facts in the Provision and Allocation of Renal Replacement Therapy in Germany....Pages 377-384 Who Legally Owns and Controls Human Organs After Procurement?....Pages 385-392 Principles Used in Organ Allocation....Pages 393-398 Front Matter....Pages 329-329 Is HLA Matching a Scientific and Relevant Factor for the Allocation of Cadaver Kidneys?....Pages 399-403 HLA Matching: A Relevant and Scientific Graft Allocation Factor or Only a Crutch?....Pages 404-409 Facing Organ Allocation Issues: An Insider’s View From the New World....Pages 410-418 Immunological Criteria in Kidney Allocation....Pages 419-422 Age Matching is Fairer Than HLA Matching in Renal Transplantation?....Pages 423-425 Donor Factors Determine Cadaveric Kidney Outcome: Should We Use It to Choose Donor-Recipient Combinations?....Pages 426-428 Donor Organ Allocation from a Legal Point of View....Pages 429-432 Ability to Pay and Access to Transplantation....Pages 433-436 The Ethics of Assessment for Transplantation....Pages 437-439 Should Urgent Medical Need Be Used as an Allocation Factor for Liver Allografts?....Pages 440-444 Cardiac Retransplantation: Is It an Ethical Use of Scarce Resource?....Pages 445-449 Front Matter....Pages 465-465 Transplantation of Fetal Dopamine-Synthesizing Cells: Experiment or Therapy of Parkinson’s Disease?....Pages 467-483 Fetal Islet Cell Transplantation: State of the Art....Pages 484-490 Fetal Tissue Transplantation and the Problem of Elective Abortion....Pages 491-498 Legal Problems Associated with Abortion: Fetal Cell Transplantation....Pages 499-505 Fetal Transplantation: A Model for Medical Ethics Application....Pages 506-511 Xenografting: Its Future Role in Clinical Organ Transplantation....Pages 512-518 The Ethics of Xenografting in Man....Pages 519-527 The Baboon As Cardiac Donor in Man: A Reasonable Approach or an Immoral Desperate Search for Suitable Organs?....Pages 528-533 Bridging in Cardiac Surgery: A Reasonable Surgical Procedure or Only a Method for Getting an Emergency Transplant?....Pages 534-540 Front Matter....Pages 465-465 The Ethics of Domino Heart Transplantation....Pages 541-542 Back Matter....Pages 553-578 Medical ethicists, theologists, lawyers, transplant surgeons and physicians discuss major ethical topics concerning the transplantation of human organs in this text, which discusses such controversial issues as the international commerce in human organs and tissues.