Organ Failure and Anesthesia Practices (Mar 1, 2024)_(B0CX56M7ZW)_(Nova Science Publishers, Inc.).pdf

"Organ failure frequently accompanies the clinical presentations of elderly and adult patients in anesthesia practice. Today, despite the technologically advanced follow-up methods and techniques, organ failures affect the clinical picture of the patient and complicate the follow-up. Perioperative complications increase in anesthesia applications of patients with organ failure. It is important to know the physiological changes and clinical effects of organ failures and to be cautious in order to ensure that the patient is discharged as soon as possible with the least postoperative pain and side effects. Literature information about organ failure, which is very common and important in anesthesia practice, was compiled. In this book, a specific topic was chosen and it was aimed to be useful to practitioners"-- Contents Preface Chapter 1 Anesthetic Drugs, Fluid, Electrolyte, and Blood Replacement in Organ Failures Abstract Introduction Anesthetic Drugs in Organ Failures Inhalation Anesthetics Nitrous Oxide (N2O) Isoflurane Desflurane Sevoflurane Intravenous Anesthetics Barbiturates Benzodiazepines Ketamine Etomidate Propofol Dexmedetomidine Analgesic Agents Opioids Nonsteroidal Anti-inflammatory Agents (NSAIDs) Neuromuscular Blocking Agents (NMBAs) Depolarizing Muscle Relaxants Non-Depolarizing Muscle Relaxants Cholinesterase Inhibitors and NMBA Antagonists Fluid and Electrolyte Balance in Organ Failures Hyponatremia Hypernatremia Hyperkalemia Hypokalemia Hypo-Hypercalcemia Hypo-Hyperphosphatemia Hypo-Hypermagnesemia Intravenous Fluids Crystalloid Solutions Colloid Solutions Blood Replacement in Organ Failures Erythrocyte Suspensions Fresh Frozen Plasma Platelets Conclusion References Chapter 2 Neuraxial and Peripheral Blocks in Organ Failure Patients Abstract Introduction Regional Anesthesia Systemic Toxicity of Local Anesthetic Regional Anesthesia in Liver Failure Effect of Regional Anesthesia on Hemodynamics in Patients with Liver Failure Effect of Liver Disease on Local Anesthetic Drug Administration Coagulopathy and Regional Anesthesia Renal Failure The Effect of Regional Anesthesia on Renal Function Heart Failure Hemodynamic Effects of Regional Anesthesia Heart Failure and Regional Anesthesia Conclusion References Chapter 3 Oncological Patients, Chemotherapeutics and Anesthesia Abstract Introduction Cancer Treatment Surgical Treatment Radiotherapy Stem Cell Therapy Chemotherapy Chemotherapeuthetics Chemotherapy Complications Pre-Anesthesia Evaluation Special Conditions Related to Anesthesia in Cancer Patients Hypothermia Postoperative Analgesia Blood Transfusion Anesthesia Method and Cancer Anesthesia Drugs and Cancer Intravenous Anesthetics Local Anesthetics Inhalation Anesthetics Cyclooxygenase (COX) Inhibitors Conclusion References Chapter 4 Anesthesia in Cardiovascular Failures Abstract Introduction Heart Failure Definition Pathophysiology Diagnosis Signs and Symptoms Imaging Electrocardiography Laboratory Heart Failure Classification Treatment Medical Treatment in Chronic Heart Failure Medical Treatment in Acute Heart Failure Surgical Treatment in Heart Failure Anesthesia Method Preoperative Evaluation Intraoperative Management Monitoring Intraoperative Hemodynamics Selection of an Anesthesia Method Fluid Therapy Anesthesia Management in Patients with Cardiac Implanted Electronic Devices Anesthesia Management in Patients with Ventricular Assist Devices Anesthesia Management of Patients with Heart Transplantation Postoperative Management Peripheral Arterial Diseases Chronic Arterial Insufficiency Anesthesia Management Postoperative Management Acute Arterial Occlusion Peripheral Vein Diseases Deep Vein Thrombosis Conclusion References Chapter 5 Respiratory Insufficiencies and Anesthesia Abstract Introduction Anatomy and Mechanical Aspects of Breathing Control of Breathing Carbon Dioxide Removal, Oxygen Transport and Delivery Other Functions of the Respiratory System Assessment of Lung Function and Respiratory Status Anesthetic Considerations for Patients with Respiratory Insufficiencies Perioperative Care and Management Emergent Interventions and Crisis Management Endotracheal Intubation and Other Ways to Secure the Airway Tracheostomy Postoperative Care and Management Pain Management and Its Impact on Respiratory Function Early Mobilization and Respiratory Therapy Conclusion References Chapter 6 Anesthesia Considerations in Liver Failure Abstract Introduction Anatomy and Physiology of the Liver Anesthesia Management in Liver Disease Preoperative Evaluation Central Nervous System Complications Cardiovascular Complications Pulmonary Complications Electrolyte Imbalance and Metabolic Disorders Renal Dysfunction Coagulation Disorders Laboratory Risk Stratification Anesthesia Management Conclusion References Chapter 7 Anesthesia During Renal Failure Abstract Introduction Anesthetic Effects on Renal Function Preoperative Management The Selection of Anesthetic Techniques Intraoperative Management Monitoring Induction Maintenance Fluid Therapy Postoperative Care Conclusion References Chapter 8 Anesthesia for Endocrine Diseases Abstract Introduction Diabetes Mellitus Type 1 Diabetes Type 2 Diabetes Diagnosis and Treatment Preoperative Evaluation Intraoperative Management Insulinoma Thyroid Diseases Hyperthyroidism Diagnosis and Treatment Anesthesia Management Thyroid Storm Hypothyroidism Diagnosis and Treatment Anesthesia Management Myxedema Coma Thyroid Tumors Complications of Thyroid Surgery Parathyroid Gland Dysfunction Hyperparathyroidism Primary Hyperparathyroidism Diagnosis and Treatment Anesthesia Management Secondary Hyperparathyroidism Hypoparathyroidism Diagnosis and Treatment Anesthesia Management Adrenal Gland Dysfunction Pheochromocytoma Diagnosis and Treatment Preoperative Evaluation Intraoperative Management Cushing’s Syndrome Diagnosis and Treatment Anesthesia Management Conn Syndrome Diagnosis and Treatment Anesthesia Management Hypoaldosteronism Adrenal Insufficiency Diagnosis and Treatment Anesthesia Management Pituitary Gland Dysfunction Acromegaly Diagnosis and Treatment Anesthesia Management Diabetes Insipidus Inappropriate Secretion of Antidiuretic Hormone Conclusion References Chapter 9 Neurological Insufficiencies and Anesthesia Abstract Introduction Dementia Preoperative Evaluation and Management Drug Interactions The Sensitivity of Anesthetic Agents Analyzing and Treating Pain Is There a Correlation between Dementia and the Use of Anesthesia or Surgery? Epilepsy AEDs’ (Anti-Epileptic Drugs) Underlying Mechanisms of Action Anesthetic Impact of Antiepileptic Drugs Epilepsy and the Use of Anesthetics Inhalational Anesthetics Opioids I.V. Anesthetic Agents Benzodiazepines Local Anesthetics Neuromuscular Blocking Agents Anticholinergics and Anticholinesterases Perioperative Management of AEDs Status Epilepticus Multiple Sclerosis MS Anesthesia Anesthetics and MS Drugs Pre-op Evaluation Intraoperative Care MS Neuraxial Administration MS Peripheral Nerve Plugs Parkinson’s Disease Preoperative Risk Clinical Manifestation Drug Treatment Multidisciplinary Perioperative Care Stroke Anticoagulation Selecting Anesthesia Postoperative Thoughts Brain Trauma The Preoperative and Postoperative Periods are Crucial Intracranial/Cerebral Perfusion Pressure Management During Surgery Conclusion References Chapter 10 Postoperative Critical Care and Organ Failure in Critical Care Abstract Introduction Kidney Failure Acute Kidney Damage (AKI) Prerenal Azothemia Intrinsic Acute Kidney Injury Postrenal Acute Kidney Injury Intermittent Haemodialysis (IHD) Extended-Duration Low-Efficiency Dialysis Continuous Renal Replacement Therapy Heart Failure Perioperative Myocardial Injury Heart Failure Acute Heart Failure Respiratory Failure Gastrointestinal Failure Neurological Failure Adrenal Failure Conclusion References Index Blank Page