Optical Properties of Excited States in Solids (Nato Science Series B:, 301)

This book presents an account of the course "Optical Properties of Excited States in Solids" held in Erice, Italy, from June 16 to 3D, 1991. This meeting was organized by the International School of Atomic and Molecular Spectroscopy of the "Ettore Majorana" Centre for Scientific Culture. The purpose of this course was to present physical models, mathematical formalisms and experimental techniques relevant to the optical properties of excited states in solids. Some active physical species, such as ions or radicals, could survive indefinitely if they were completely 'isolated in space. Other active species, such as excited molecular and solid-state systems, are inherently unstable, even in isolation, due to the spontaneous mechanisms that may convert their excitation energies into radiation or heat. Physical parameters that may be used to characterize these excited systems are the localization or delocalization, and the coherence or incoherence, of their state excitations. In solids the excited states, whether they are localized (as for impurities in insulators) or delocalized (as they may occur in semiconductors), are relevant in several regards. Their de-excitation is extremely sensitive to the nature of the excitations of the systems, and a study of the de-excitation processes can yield a variety of information. For example, the excited states may represent the initial condition of the onset of such processes as Stokes-shifted emission, hot luminescence, symmetry-dependent Jahn-Teller and scattering processes, tunneling processes, energy transfer to like and unlike centers, superradiance, coherent radiation, and excited state absorption. Front Matter....Pages i-xxxii The Nature of the Electronic Excited States of Molecular Systems....Pages 1-71 Properties of the Excited States of Complex Molecules: What Can We Learn for Solids....Pages 73-95 Rates of Processes Involving Excited States....Pages 97-117 Excited States in Semiconductors....Pages 119-205 Advances in the Characterization of Excited States of Luminescent Ions in Solids....Pages 207-253 Relaxed Excited States of Color Centers....Pages 255-303 Properties of Highly Populated Excited States in Solids: Superfluorescence, Hot Luminescence, Excited State Absorption....Pages 305-347 Advances in Sensitization of Phosphors....Pages 349-398 Laser Spectroscopy inside Inhomogeneously Broadened Lines....Pages 399-444 Excited-State Dynamics and Energy Transfer in Doped-Substituted Garnets....Pages 445-478 Studies of the Charge Transfer States of Certain Rare-Earth Activators in Yttrium and Lanthanum Oxysulfides....Pages 479-498 Photochemistry, Charge Transfer States and Laser Applications of Small Molecules in Rare Gas Crystals....Pages 499-524 The Study of Paramagentic Excited States by Electron Paramagnetic Resonance....Pages 525-560 The Jahn-Teller Effect in the Optical Spectra of Impurities....Pages 561-575 Spectral Properties of Excited States in Restricted Geometries....Pages 577-589 Excited State Interactions in Stabilized Lasers....Pages 591-600 Semiconductor Quantum Dots in Amorphous Materials....Pages 601-621 New Crystals for Laser Applications....Pages 623-624 Excited States and Reorientational Properties of Color Centers with Axial Symmetry....Pages 625-639 De-Excitation Processes of the Optically Excited States of the F-Centers (Abstract Only)....Pages 641-641 Two-Photon Spectroscopy in Insulating Crystals....Pages 643-659 Particles and Elementary Excitations....Pages 661-674 Superconductivity....Pages 675-688 The Luminescent Excited State of the Vanadate Ion Studied by Optically-Detected Magnetic Resonance....Pages 689-689 Rare Earth Spectroscopy in Glasses, a Fraction....Pages 689-689 The Influence of Impurities on the Quantum Yield of Y 2 O 3 : 3%Eu 3+ ....Pages 690-690 Fluorescence Mechanisms of Mixed Crystals Sr 1-x Ba x F 2 :Eu 2+ ....Pages 690-691 Spectroscopy of Er 3+ :GGG and Calculation of the Judd-Ofelt Lifetime Parameters....Pages 691-691 Laser Spectroscopic Studies of Solid State Defect Chemistry in Perovskites....Pages 692-692 Picosecond Time-Resolved CARS: Application to Vibrons in Molecular Crystals....Pages 692-693 Experimental Studies of Upconversion Laser Materials and Upconversion Lasers....Pages 693-693 Luminescence of the Eu 3+ Ion in Calcium Compounds....Pages 693-693 Theoretical Study of Ultra-Fast Dephasing by Four-Wave Mixing....Pages 694-694 A New Way to the Relaxed Excited State in Localized Centers: The Pulse Model....Pages 694-695 Proposition of Effective Wavefunction for 2DEG within Modfet Heterostructures....Pages 695-695 Epitaxy of CdS-Thin Films by Pulsed Laser Evaporation (PLE)....Pages 696-696 Growth and Optical Properties of Thin CdS Films....Pages 696-697 Luminescence of New Storage Phosphors: Alkaline Earth Fluoro-Halides Doped with Divalent Ytterbium....Pages 697-697 Application of Phosphors in X-ray Computed Tomography....Pages 698-698 Dissociation of Polyatomic Molecules by Infrared Lasers....Pages 698-698 A Quantitative Analytic Theory of the Spectra of Diatomic Molecules....Pages 699-699 Thermal Behavior of Spectral Line Positions and Widths of Nd 3+ in GSGG....Pages 699-700 Comparison of Er 3+ Spectroscopy in Doped Glass Fibers and in Glass Bulk Samples....Pages 700-700 Passive Intracavity Stabilization of Wide Gain Laser by Er 3+ -Doped Materials....Pages 700-701 Two-Photon Spectroscopy in the F-Shell....Pages 701-701 Two-Photon Transition Intensities within Symmetry-Adapted Eigenvector Approach: Ni 2+ in O h Symmetry....Pages 702-702 Characteristic Electroluminescence at the Semiconductor/Electrolyte Interface....Pages 702-702 Localized 3 ππ* Excitations of [Rh(phpy) 2 bipy]PF 6 (phpy = 2-phenylpyridine, bipy = 2,2 -bipyridine)....Pages 703-703 Cross Relaxation of Excited States in a One-Dimensional Compound....Pages 703-704 Radiationless Vibronic Relaxation and Electron Transfer of the F-center in NaBr....Pages 704-704 Luminescence of Broad Bands in Mn-Doped n-Type GaP....Pages 705-705 Optical Spectroscopy of the Matrix-Isolated NH Radical....Pages 705-705 Interaction between Color Center and Dislocation in Alkali Halides....Pages 706-706 Summary of the Meeting....Pages 706-706 Back Matter....Pages 707-707 ....Pages 709-715