Optical Fiber Telecommunications IV-B, Volume B, Fourth Edition: Systems and Impairments (Optics and Photonics) (v. IV)

Volume B is devoted to light wave systems and system impairments and compensation. Some of the topics include growth of the Internet, network architecture, undersea systems, high speed TDM transmission, cable TV systems, access networks, simulation tools, nonlinear effects, polarization mode dispersion, bandwidth formats, and more. This book is an excellent companion to Optical Fiber Telecommunications IVA: Components (March 2002, ISBN: 0-12-395172-0). Fourth in a respected and comprehensive series - Authoritative authors from a range of organizations - Suitable for active lightwave R&D designers, developers, purchasers, operators, students, and analysts - Lightwave components reviewed in Volume A - Lightwave systems and impairments reviewed in Volume B - Up-to-the minute coverage Cover 1 Frontmatter 4 Half Title Page 4 Title Page 6 Copyright 7 Dedication 8 Table of Contents 10 Contributors 14 Chapter 1: Overview 20 Introduction 20 History 20 Optical Fiber Telecommunications IV 23 Survey of OFT IV A and B 24 Chapter 2: Growth of the Internet 40 1. Introduction 40 2. Growth Myths and Reality 43 3. Growth Rates of Other Communication Services 45 4. Internet History 50 5. The Many Internet Growth Rates 55 6. Internet Traffic and Bandwidth Growth 56 7. Disruptive Innovation 64 8. Moores Law for Data Traffic 0 9. Further Economic and Technical Considerations 74 10. Conclusions 75 Chapter 3: Optical Network Architecture Evolution 80 1. Introduction 80 2. Technology Advances and Trends 81 3. Service and Business Trends 96 4. Optical Network Architectures 109 5. Transport Control Plane 149 6. Summary 167 Chapter 4: Undersea Communication Systems 177 4.1 Introduction 177 4.2 A Rich History of Undersea Cables 177 4.3 Amplifier Chains 180 4.4 Dispersion and Nonlinearity Management 186 4.5 Modulation Formats 189 4.6 Measures of System Performance 195 4.7 Error Correcting Codes 200 4.8 Polarization Effects 203 4.9 System Design 206 4.10 Transmission Experiments 209 4.11 Future Trends in Long-Haul Optical Transmission Systems 212 4.12 Summary 216 Chapter 5: High-Capacity, Ultra-Long-Haul Networks 221 I. Introduction 221 II. Noise and Optical Amplification 224 III. Transmission Impairments 236 IV. Optical Networking 247 V. Conclusions 251 Chapter 6: Pseudo-Linear Transmission of High-Speed TDM Signals: 40 and 160 Gb/s 255 1. Introduction 255 2. Pseudo-Linear Transmission of High-Speed TDM Signals 258 3. High-speed TDM Pseudo-Linear Transmission Experiments 298 4. Conclusions 312 Acknowledgments 313 List of Symbols 313 List of Useful Relations 315 List of Acronyms 317 Chapter 7: Dispersion-Managed Solitons and Chirped Return to Zero: What Is the Difference? 328 I. Historical Overview 328 II. Single-Channel Systems 333 III. Wavelength-Division Multiplexed Systems 338 IV. Conclusions 345 Chapter 8: Metropolitan Optical Networks 352 1. Introduction 352 2. Traditional Architectures 355 3. Emerging Trends 359 4. Enabling Component Technologies 367 5. Metro DWDM Solutions 370 6. Metro Edge Solutions 396 7. Network Standards 405 8. Future Directions 410 9. Conclusions 413 Chapter 9: The Evolution of Cable TV Networks 427 1. Introduction 427 2. Historical Overview 428 3. An End-to-End HFC Network 435 4. Photonic Moores Law and Deep Fiber Penetration 0 5. Technology Enablers 450 6. Summary 457 Chapter 10: Optical Access Networks 461 1. Scope 461 2. The Development of Optical Access Architectures 461 3. Optical Transmission 471 4. PON: Power-Splitting PONs 477 5. WDM PONs 502 6. Optical Components 511 7. Current Trends and Possible Future Scenarios 519 8. Acknowledgments 524 9. Appendix: Brief Overview of Digital Subscriber Line (DSL) Systems 524 10. Acronyms 527 Chapter 11: Beyond Gigabit: Application and Development of High-Speed Ethernet Technology 537 Introduction 537 Circuit Switching vs Packet Switching 539 Ethernet Naming Convention 539 Ethernet Architecture and the OSI Reference Model 540 Ethernet MAC Framing 542 Ethernet Address 543 Shared Ethernet and CSMA/CD Protocol 544 Carrier Extension and Frame Bursting in Gigabit Ethernet 547 Hubbed Ethernet and Full Duplex Operation 548 Repeaters 550 Bridges/Switches 552 Routers 554 Flow Control in Ethernet 555 Physical Layer Development 558 Auto Negotiation 569 Beyond Gigabit: Continuing Development of Ethernet 572 Application of High-Speed Ethernet 575 1/10-Gb/s Ethernet: A Disruptive Technology? 581 Useful Web Sites 582 Chapter 12: Photonic Simulation Tools 587 I. Introduction 588 II. Evolution of Photonic Simulation Tools 589 III. Ingredients of a Photonic Simulator 596 IV. Design Productivity Features 607 V. Analog Photonic Systems Simulation 626 VI. Conclusions 628 Chapter 13: Nonlinear Optical Effects in WDM Transmission 634 1. Introduction 634 2. Self-Phase Modulation 636 3. Four-Wave Mixing 640 4. Cross-Phase Modulation 642 5. Intrachannel Nonlinear Distortion 653 6. Suppressing Nonlinear Impairments 656 Chapter 14: Fixed and Tunable Management of Fiber Chromatic Dispersion 665 I. Introduction 665 II. Chromatic Dispersion and Its Effects on Optical Fiber Systems 666 III. Fixed Dispersion Compensation 680 IV. Tunable Dispersion Compensation 693 V. Slope Matching 718 VI. Dispersion Compensation for Subcarrier-Multiplexed Data 724 VII. Chromatic Dispersion Monitoring 726 VIII. Summary 730 IX. Acknowledgments 730 Chapter 15: Polarization-Mode Dispersion 748 1. Introduction 748 2. Fundamental Concepts 749 3. Measurement Techniques 768 4. Statistics 785 5. Emulation and Simulation 795 6. System Impairments Due to PMD 807 7. PMD Mitigation 826 Appendix A: Notation 848 Appendix B: Relation between PMD Vectors and 851 Appendix C: Rotational Forms of the Jones and Muller Matrices 0 Appendix D: Acronyms 854 Chapter 16: Bandwidth-Efficient Modulation Formats for Digital Fiber Transmission Systems 885 1. Introduction 885 2. Amplitude Modulation and Detection 889 3. Power Spectral Densities 896 4. Single-Channel Transmission Results 909 5. Multichannel Transmission 913 6. Discussion 916 Chapter 17: Error-Control Coding Techniques and Applications 925 17.1 Introduction 925 17.2 Binary Codes in General 930 17.3 Linear Binary Codes 933 17.4 Finite Fields 940 17.5 Reed-Solomon Codes 945 17.6 BCH Codes 949 17.7 Convolutional Codes 952 17.8 Graphical Approach to ML Decoding of Binary Codes 955 17.9 Turbo Codes 971 17.10 Low-Density Parity-Check Codes 974 17.11 FEC Codes Proposed for Optical Fiber Communication 975 Chapter 18: Equalization Techniques for Mitigating Transmission Impairments 988 18.1 Introduction 988 18.2 Transmission Impairments in Lightwave Systems 989 18.3 Modeling of Fiber-Optic Communications Systems 991 18.4 Equalization Algorithms and Their Applications 995 18.5 Other Equalization Algorithms 1008 Backmatter 1022 Index to Volumes IVA and IVB 1022 Back Cover 1050 Referex Volume B is devoted to light wave systems and system impairments and compensation. Some of the topics include growth of the Internet, network architecture, undersea systems, high speed TDM transmission, cable TV systems, access networks, simulation tools, nonlinear effects, polarization mode dispersion, bandwidth formats, and more. This book is an excellent companion to Optical Fiber Telecommunications IVA: Components (March 2002, ISBN: 0-12-395172-0).

Fourth in a respected and comprehensive series
- Authoritative authors from a range of organizations
- Suitable for active lightwave R&D designers, developers, purchasers, operators, students, and analysts
- Lightwave components reviewed in Volume A
- Lightwave systems and impairments reviewed in Volume B
- Up-to-the minute coverage