Onward Migration and Multi-Sited Transnationalism: Complex Trajectories, Practices and Ties (IMISCOE Research Series)

This open access book brings novel perspectives to the scholarship on transnational migration. The book stresses the complexity of migration trajectories and proposes multi-sited field studies to capture this complexity. Its constituent chapters offer examples of onward migration spanning all major world regions. The contents exemplify a range of interdisciplinary approaches, including both qualitative and quantitative methodologies. The result is an impressive remapping and reconceptualisation of global migration and mobility, of interest to students and policy-makers alike. Preface Acknowledgement Contents About the Editors and Contributors About the Editors Contributors Chapter 1: Onward Migration and Transnationalism: What Are the Interconnections? 1.1 Introduction 1.2 Defining Onward Migration 1.3 Multi-sited Transnationalism 1.4 The Effects of Transnationalism on Intentions and Experiences of Onward Migration 1.5 The Variegated Effects of Onward Migration on Transnationalism 1.5.1 Inter-generational Transnationalism 1.5.2 Split Transnationalism 1.5.3 Widening and Re-routed Transnationalism 1.6 Onward Migration and Multi-sited Transnationalism: Implications for Research Methods References Chapter 2: Becoming Destination(s)? Complex Migration Trajectories, Transnational Lifeworlds and Migration Decisions 2.1 Introduction 2.2 Migration Decisions in Complex Migration Trajectories 2.2.1 Understanding Migration Decisions 2.2.2 Transnational Ties and Social Networks 2.2.3 The Role of Time and Temporal Perspectives 2.3 Methods and Data 2.4 Mapping Complex Migration Trajectories 2.5 Transnational Ties and Networks 2.6 Future Outlook and Changing Perspectives on Destinations 2.7 Conclusion References Chapter 3: For the Sake of Our Children? A Mixed-Methods Study of the Family Dynamics of Intra-European Mobility Among Somalis 3.1 Introduction 3.2 Family Onward Mobility 3.2.1 A Family Approach to Onward Mobility 3.2.2 Timing of Entry and Educational Trajectories 3.2.3 Timing of Entry and Onward Mobility 3.3 Case Description: The Onward Mobility of Dutch Somalis 3.4 Data and Methods 3.4.1 Quantitative Data 3.4.2 A Comparison Group: Protracted Refugees 3.4.3 Qualitative Data: Interviews with Somali Parents and Young Adolescents 3.5 Adopting a Multi-methods Approach 3.5.1 Register Data Sample Characteristics 3.5.2 Analyses: Event History Models and Covariates 3.6 Findings 3.6.1 Differentiated Onward Mobility: A Family Approach 3.6.2 Age at Arrival and Timing of Onward Mobility 3.6.3 Motivations for and Timing of Onward Mobility 3.6.4 Mothers as Main Migration Decision-Makers 3.6.5 Children Maturing: ‘Independent’ Versus Accompanied Mobility 3.7 Concluding Discussion Appendix Tables Figures References Chapter 4: Remittance-Sending Behaviour Along Migration Trajectories: The Case of Senegalese, Ghanaian and Congolese Migrants 4.1 Introduction 4.2 Sub-Saharan Migration Routes to Europe 4.3 Conceptualising Migration Trajectories 4.4 Remittance-Sending Capacity and Incentives of Migrants En Route 4.5 Methods 4.5.1 Data and Participants 4.5.2 Measures 4.5.3 Analytical Strategy 4.6 Results 4.6.1 Descriptive Results 4.6.2 Analytical Results 4.7 Discussion 4.8 Data Limitations and Multi-sited Transnationalism Research References Chapter 5: Ambivalent Entanglements: Syrian Refugees’ Network Relations and (Im)mobilities in Protracted Displacement 5.1 Introduction 5.2 Entangled (Im)mobilities: Refugees’ Positioning in Translocal Figurations of Displacement 5.2.1 Social Figurations 5.2.2 From Protracted Displacement and Multi-sited Transnationalism to Translocal Figurations of Displacement 5.3 The Protracted Displacement of Syrian Refugees in Jordan 5.4 Syrians’ Entangled (Im)mobilities To, Within and Beyond Jordan 5.4.1 In-Depth Biographical Interviews 5.4.1.1 Biographical Interview 1: Um-Baha 5.4.1.2 Biographical Interview #2: Um-Alaa 5.4.2 Arriving 5.4.3 Moving Within 5.4.4 Moving On 5.5 Conclusions References Chapter 6: Onward Migration from an Aspirations–Capabilities Framework: The Multi-sited Transnational Practices of Sudanese Families Across Europe, Sudan and Beyond 6.1 Introduction 6.2 Being Pushed to, Wanting to or Simply Being Able to Move? 6.3 Data and Methods 6.4 Whose Aspirations? 6.5 Discussion and Conclusion References Chapter 7: ‘Somehow I’m an Expat and He’s a Migrant’: Intersectional Identities, Multiple Migrations and Family Decision-Making Amongst Middling Migrant Couples 7.1 Introduction 7.2 Middling Mobility, Onward Migration and Transnational Families 7.3 Methods 7.4 ‘Not This Time, I Won’t Go’: The Enmeshing and Re-negotiation of Migrant Futures Over Time and Space 7.5 ‘It Was Like They’d Never Met a Man Who Has Had Caring Responsibilities Before’: Entanglements of Gendered and Racialised Identities Within Family Contexts 7.6 Conclusion References Chapter 8: Multinational Migration in the Global South: Complex and Non-linear Trajectories of Senegalese Migrants in Brazil 8.1 Introduction 8.2 Aspirations and Capability in Multinational Migration 8.3 Methodology 8.4 Multinational Migration to and from Brazil 8.4.1 Multinational Migration from Cape Verde 8.4.2 Multinational Migration from Argentina 8.4.3 The Multinational Migration Intentions of Senegalese in Brazil 8.5 Conclusion References Chapter 9: Bonds of Transnationalism and Freedom of Mobility: Intra-European Onward Migrants Before and After Brexit 9.1 Introduction 9.2 Transnationalism, Mobility and Onward Migration 9.3 Intra-EU Mobile People and Brexit as a Trigger for Further Mobility 9.4 Method 9.5 Reshaping Transnational Practices 9.5.1 A Re-oriented Transnationalism 9.5.2 Changes in Remittance Practices in the Intertwining of the Migration and the Family Cycle 9.6 Potential Onward Migrants: EU27 Citizens in the UK and Britons in Belgium 9.7 Conclusions References Chapter 10: Education as a Means of Facilitating Onward Migration and Transnational Participation for South Sudanese Refugee Communities 10.1 Setting the Scene 10.2 Displacement, Social Liminality and Diasporic Investment 10.3 Education, Onward Mobility and Refugee Empowerment 10.4 Transnational Networks, Remittances and Funding Education 10.5 Methodology 10.6 An Investment in Their Future 10.7 Attending School on the Outside and Dreaming Big 10.8 Navigating Aid, Social Networks and Opportunities for Higher Education 10.9 Post-education and Refugee Immobility 10.10 Conceptualising Education, Opportunity and (Im)Mobility 10.11 Strung Between Liminality and Mobility References Chapter 11: On the Road Again: Onward Migration and Transnational Subjectivity Among Portuguese-Guinean Migrants in Peterborough (UK) 11.1 Introduction 11.2 The Changing Roads of the Guinean Diaspora 11.3 The Decision to Move Onwards 11.4 Transnational Lives, Diasporic Spaces 11.5 Transnational Subjectivities, Lusotopic Locality 11.5.1 Lost in Genderscapes 11.5.2 New Tastes and Skills 11.5.3 Lusotopic Communities 11.6 Conclusion References