One Hundred Years of Zoning and the Future of Cities

This book reconsiders the fundamental principles of zoning and city planning over the course of the past one-hundred years, and the lessons that can be learned for the future of cities. Bringing together the contributions of leading scholars, representing diverse methodologies and academic disciplines, this book studies core questions about the functionality of cities and the goals that should be promoted via zoning and planning. It considers the increasing pace of urbanization and growth of mega cities in both developed and developing countries; changing concepts on the role of mixed-use and density zoning; new policies on inclusionary zoning as a way to facilitate urban justice and social mobility; and the effects of current macrophenomena, such as mass immigration and globalization, on the changing landscape of cities. The book’s twelve chapters are divided into four parts, each addressing different aspects of zoning and planning by combining theoretical analysis with a close observation of diverse case studies from North America and Europe to the Middle East and developing economies. Part I offers a critical analysis of the conventional account of zoning as a top-down form of land-use regulation starting with the 1916 NYC code. Part II studies how contemporary concepts of zoning, both substantive and procedural, impact the built environment across today’s cities. Part III revisits the economic foundations of zoning and urban policy in the context of domestic markets, as compared with the regulatory and market effects of interstate agreements on cross-border real estate investments. Part IV analyzes the dominant, yet often implicit social and political motives that are driving zoning policies across different countries. This volume’s focus on the ties between zoning policy and economics, politics, socioeconomic conditions, and the local-to-global scope of governance will appeal to scholars and students of political science, economics, law, planning, sustainability, geography, sociology, and architecture, as well as policy-makers and practitioners, especially those in developing countries and transitional and emerging economies. Front Matter ....Pages i-xii Front Matter ....Pages 1-1 Split Apart: How Regulations Designated Populations to Different Parts of the City (Sonia A. Hirt)....Pages 3-26 North-American Zoning: Real-Estate Regulation—Past, Present and Future (Raphaël Fischler)....Pages 27-49 The Missing Link in the Evolution of Zoning (Amnon Lehavi)....Pages 51-73 Front Matter ....Pages 75-75 Rethinking Zoning for People: Utilizing the Concept of the Village (Kevin M. Leyden, Lorraine Fitzsimons D’Arcy)....Pages 77-93 Community Benefits Agreements: Flexibility and Inclusion in U.S. Zoning (Gerald Korngold)....Pages 95-120 Front Matter ....Pages 121-121 Zoning in Reunified Berlin (Gabriel M. Ahlfeldt, Wolfgang Maennig, Felix J. Richter)....Pages 123-137 Land Use Regulations and Fertility Rates (Daniel Shoag, Lauren Russell)....Pages 139-149 The Comprehensive Economic and Trade Agreement between Canada and the European Union (CETA) and its Impact on Property and Zoning in Germany (Fabian Thiel)....Pages 151-173 Front Matter ....Pages 175-175 Checks and Balances in Planning Decentralization: Lessons from Ontario (Eran Razin)....Pages 177-199 Revitalizing Land Use Law: The Burdens-Benefits Ratio Principle (Ronit Levine-Schnur)....Pages 201-219 Back Matter ....Pages 221-223