One Health Meets the Exposome: Human, Wildlife, and Ecosystem Health

One Health and the Exposome: Human, Wildlife, and Ecosystem Health brings together the two powerful conceptual frameworks of One Health and the Exposome to comprehensively examine the myriad of biological, environmental, social and cultural challenges impacting the interrelated health of humans, wildlife, and ecosystems. One Health as an encompassing concept and collaborative framework recognizes the interconnections among humans, wildlife, and our shared environmental with the goal of optimizing health outcomes of all. The Exposome is more specifically oriented to human health and tabulates environmental factors/chemicals impacting individuals, communities, and populations. One Health and the Exposome: Human, Wildlife, and Ecosystem Health is the first book to compare these two concepts. This book will provide the broadened and integrative view that considers both in an encompassing manner to develop a more holistic approach needed to confront the complex issues facing us today. One Health and the Exposome is a valuable and cutting-edge resource for researchers and practitioners in animal science, and for any reader looking to better understand the current and future relationship of humans and wildlife. 0.1 One Health Meets the Exposome: Human, Wildlife, and Ecosystem Health 0.2 Copyright 0.3 Dedication 0.4 Preface The Opportunity 0.5 Acknowledgments 1 1. Introduction Humanity in context Global challenges Human population growth, resource use, and migration Human health and its determinants Biodiversity loss and land use change Climate change, ecosystem health, and sustainability Culture, society, science, and policy Defining the conceptual framworks One Health The Exposome Comparing the two concepts through the literature References and additional resources 2 2. Human Health Humans: history, distribution, and demographics Human health and burden of disease Overview of One Health and the Exposome Ingredients necessary for human health Global challenges to human health Challenge #1: Population growth and demographic transition One Health and Exposome views on population growth, demographic transition, and human health What is not captured in either framework? Challenge #2: Novel diseases One Health and Exposome views on novel diseases and human health What is not captured in either framework? Challenge #3: Anthropogenic pollution One Health and Exposome views on anthropogenic pollutants and human health What is not captured in either framework? Challenge #4: Climate change One Health and Exposome views on climate change and human health What is not captured in either framework? Challenge #5: Social and economic disparities One Health and Exposome views on social and economic disparities and human health What is not captured in either framework? Conclusions References Additional resources Further reading 3 3. Domestic Animal Health Domestic animals: history, distribtion, and role in human communities Overview of One Health and the Exposome Ingredients necessary for animal health Global challenges to domestic animal health Challenge #1: Industrial agriculture One Health and Exposome views on industrial agriculture and domestic animal health What is not captured in either framework? Challenge #2: Climate change One Health and Exposome views on climate change and domestic animal health What is not captured in either framework? Challenge #3: Domestic animal–wildlife interactions and conflicts One Health and Exposome views on interactions and conflicts with wildlife and domestic animal health What is not captured in either framework? Conclusions References Additional resources 4 4. Wildlife Health Wildlife: diversity, distribution, history, and health Overview of One Health and the Exposome Ingredients necessary for wildlife health Global challenges to wildlife health Challenge #1: Habitat loss and encroachment of the built environment into wildlife areas One Health and Exposome views on habitat loss, encroachment of the built environment, and wildlife health What is not captured in either framework? Challenge #2: Conflict with humans and interactions with domestic species One Health and Exposome views on human-wildlife conflict and wildlife health What is not captured in either framework? Challenge #3: Wildlife trade and overharvesting One Health and Exposome views on wildlife trade, overharvesting, and wildlife health What is not captured in either framework? Challenge 4: Anthropogenic pollution One Health and Exposome views on anthropogenic pollution and wildlife health What is not captured in either framework? Challenge #5: Climate change One Health and Exposome views on climate change and wildlife health What is not captured in either framework? Challenge #6: Invasive species One Health and Exposome views on invasive species and wildlife health What is not captured in either framework? Conclusions References Additional resources Further reading 5 5. Ecosystem Health on a Global Scale Ecosystems: diversity, distribution, health, and management Overview of One Health and the Exposome Ingredients necessary for ecosystem health Global challenges to ecosystem health Challenge 1: Anthropogenic pollution One Health and Exposome views on anthropogenic pollution and ecosystem health What is not captured in either framework? Challenge 2: Climate change One Health and Exposome views on climate change and ecosystem health What is not captured in either conceptual framework? Challenge 3: Human consumption driving habitat conversion and resource utilization One Health and Exposome views on human consumption, resource utilization, and ecosystem health What is not captured in either framework? Conclusions References Additional resources Further reading 6 6. Case Studies: One Health and the Exposome at Work Case study #1: United States Agency for International Development’s Emerging Pandemic Threats program Virus surveillance, discovery, and distribution Human behavior investigations PREDICT outbreak response Predicting future spillovers One Health—Exposome connection to PREDICT and RESPOND Case study #2: Deepwater Horizon oil spill Immediate response Timeline for funding, actions, and overall accomplishments Ecosystem health effects Wildlife health effects Human health effects One Health—Exposome connections to the Deepwater Horizon oil spill Case study #3: Smoke, from indoor cooking fires to tobacco use Indoor cooking by traditional cookstoves and open fires Tobacco smoke Health effects of smoking Recent history and changes in cigarette smoking One Health-Exposome connections to smoke inhalation, the use of traditional cookstoves, and cigarette smoking Conclusions References Additional resources 7 7. Bridging the Exposome and One Health Conceptual Frameworks to Achieve Global One Health and Reduce Exposome Load Effects of global challenges on ingredients necessary for health “Take aways” from previous chapters Review of the two frameworks Intersections of existing frameworks with One Health and the Exposome One Health and Exposome frameworks address different challenges Utility of One Health and Exposome frameworks to address global challenges A cohesive conceptual framework requires both One Health and the Exposome References Further reading 8 Index A B C D E F G H I K L M N O P Q R S T U V W 9 Appendix 1