On Gaia : A Critical Investigation of the Relationship between Life and Earth

A critical examination of James Lovelock's controversial Gaia hypothesis One of the enduring questions about our planet is how it has remained continuously habitable over vast stretches of geological time despite the fact that its atmosphere and climate are potentially unstable. James Lovelock's Gaia hypothesis posits that life itself has intervened in the regulation of the planetary environment in order to keep it stable and favorable for life. First proposed in the 1970s, Lovelock's hypothesis remains highly controversial and continues to provoke fierce debate. On Gaia undertakes the first in-depth investigation of the arguments put forward by Lovelock and others—and concludes that the evidence doesn't stack up in support of Gaia. Toby Tyrrell draws on the latest findings in fields as diverse as climate science, oceanography, atmospheric science, geology, ecology, and evolutionary biology. He takes readers to obscure corners of the natural world, from southern Africa where ancient rocks reveal that icebergs were once present near the equator, to mimics of cleaner fish on Indonesian reefs, to blind fish deep in Mexican caves. Tyrrell weaves these and many other intriguing observations into a comprehensive analysis of the major assertions and lines of argument underpinning Gaia, and finds that it is not a credible picture of how life and Earth interact. On Gaia reflects on the scientific evidence indicating that life and environment mutually affect each other, and proposes that feedbacks on Earth do not provide robust protection against the environment becoming uninhabitable—or against poor stewardship by us. One of the enduring questions about our planet is how it has remained continuously habitable over vast stretches of geological time despite the fact that its atmosphere and climate are potentially unstable. James Lovelock's Gaia hypothesis posits that life itself has intervened in the regulation of the planetary environment in order to keep it stable and favorable for life. First proposed in the 1970s, Lovelock's hypothesis remains highly controversial and continues to provoke fierce debate. This book undertakes the first in-depth investigation of the arguments put forward by Lovelock and others—and concludes that the evidence doesn't stack up in support of Gaia. The book draws on the latest findings in fields as diverse as climate science, oceanography, atmospheric science, geology, ecology, and evolutionary biology. The book takes readers to obscure corners of the natural world, from southern Africa where ancient rocks reveal that icebergs were once present near the equator, to mimics of cleaner fish on Indonesian reefs, to blind fish deep in Mexican caves. It weaves these and many other intriguing observations into a comprehensive analysis of the major assertions and lines of argument underpinning Gaia, and finds that it is not a credible picture of how life and Earth interact. The book reflects on the scientific evidence indicating that life and environment mutually affect each other, and proposes that feedbacks on Earth do not provide robust protection against the environment becoming uninhabitable—or against poor stewardship by us. One Of The Enduring Questions About Our Planet Is How It Has Remained Continuously Habitable Over Vast Stretches Of Geological Time Despite The Fact That Its Atmosphere And Climate Are Potentially Unstable. James Lovelock's Gaia Hypothesis Posits That Life Itself Has Intervened In The Regulation Of The Planetary Environment In Order To Keep It Stable And Favorable For Life. First Proposed In The 1970s, Lovelock's Hypothesis Remains Highly Controversial And Continues To Provoke Fierce Debate. On Gaia Undertakes The First In-depth Investigation Of The Arguments Put Forward By Lovelock And Other--and Concludes That The Evidence Doesn't Stack Up In Support Of Gaia.-- Gaia, The Grand Idea -- Good Citizens Or Selfish Genes? -- Life At The Edge : Lessons From Extremophiles -- Temperature Paces Life -- Icehouse Earth -- Given Enough Time -- Evolutionary Innovations And Environmental Change -- A Stable Or An Unstable World? -- The Puzzle Of Life's Long Persistence -- Conclusions. Toby Tyrrell. Includes Bibliographical References And Index. "One of the enduring questions about our planet is how it has remained continuously habitable over vast stretches of geological time despite the fact that its atmosphere and climate are potentially unstable. James Lovelock's Gaia hypothesis posits that life itself has intervened in the regulation of the planetary environment in order to keep it stable and favorable for life. First proposed in the 1970s, Lovelock's hypothesis remains highly controversial and continues to provoke fierce debate. On Gaia undertakes the first in-depth investigation of the arguments put forward by Lovelock and other--and concludes that the evidence doesn't stack up in support of Gaia."-- Dust jacket flap One of the enduring questions about our planet is how it has remained continuously habitable over vast stretches of geological time despite the fact that its atmosphere and climate are potentially unstable. James Lovelock's Gaia hypothesis posits that life itself has intervened in the regulation of the planetary environment in order to keep it stable and favourable for life. First proposed in the 1970s, Lovelock's hypothesis remains highly controversial and continues to provoke fierce debate. This work undertakes an in-depth investigation of the arguments put forward by Lovelock and others - and concludes that the evidence doesn't stack up in support of Gaia Cover 1 Title 4 Copyright 5 TABLE OF CONTENTS 6 Preface 10 1. Gaia, the Grand Idea 14 2. Good Citizens or Selfish Genes? 27 3. Life at the Edge: Lessons from Extremophiles 60 4. Temperature Paces Life 80 5. Icehouse Earth 101 6. Given Enough Time . . . 126 7. Evolutionary Innovations and Environmental Change 143 8. A Stable or an Unstable World? 158 9. The Puzzle of Life’s Long Persistence 184 10. Conclusions 212 Notes 232 Further Reading 286 References 290 Acknowledgments 312 Index 314