Of Limits and Growth: The Rise of Global Sustainable Development in the Twentieth Century (Global and International History)

Of Limits And Growth Connects Three Of The Most Important Aspects Of The Twentieth Century: Decolonization, The Rise Of Environmentalism, And The United States' Support For Economic Development And Modernization In The Third World. It Links These Trends By Revealing How Environmental Ngos Challenged And Reformed Development Approaches Of The U.s. Government, World Bank, And United Nations From The 1960s Through The 1990s. The Book Shows How Ngos Promoted The Use Of Appropriate Technologies, Environmental Reviews In The Lending Process, Development Plans Based On Ecological Principles, And International Cooperation On Global Issues Such As Climate Change. It Also Reveals That The Sustainable Development Concept Emerged From Transnational Negotiations In Which Environmentalists Accommodated The Developmental Aspirations Of Third World Intellectuals And Leaders. In Sum, Of Limits And Growth Offers A New History Of Sustainability By Elucidating The Global Origins Of Environmental Activism, The Ways In Which Environmental Activists Challenged Development Approaches Worldwide, And How Environmental Non-state Actors Reshaped The United States' And World Bank's Development Policies-- Introduction: Ngos And The Origins Of Sustainable Development -- Part One. Origins -- The Rise Of International Conservation And Postwar Development -- Parks And Poverty In Africa: Conservation, Decolonization, And Development -- The World's Most Dangerous Political Issues: The 1972 Stockholm Conference And The Politics Of Environmental Protection -- Part Two. Reforms -- When Small Seemed Beautiful: Ngos, Appropriate Technology, And International Development In The 1970s -- Leveraging The Lenders: The Quest For Environmental Impact Statements In The United States And The World Bank -- Conservation For Development: The World Conservation Strategy And The Rise Of Sustainable Development Planning -- Part Three. Persistent Problems -- The Persistence Of Old Problems: The Politics Of Environment And Development At The Rio Earth Summit -- Conclusion: The Growth And Limits Of Ngos. Stephen J. Macekura. Includes Bibliographical References And Index. "The Rise of Global Sustainable Development in the Twentieth Century Of Limits and Growth connects three of the most important aspects of the twentieth century: decolonization, the rise of environmentalism, and the United States' support for economic development and modernization in the Third World. It links these trends by revealing how environmental NGOs challenged and reformed development approaches of the U.S. government, World Bank, and United Nations from the 1960s through the 1990s. The book shows how NGOs promoted the use of "appropriate" technologies, environmental reviews in the lending process, development plans based on ecological principles, and international cooperation on global issues such as climate change. It also reveals that the "sustainable development" concept emerged from transnational negotiations in which environmentalists accommodated the developmental aspirations of Third World intellectuals and leaders. In sum, Of Limits and Growth offers a new history of sustainability by elucidating the global origins of environmental activism, the ways in which environmental activists challenged development approaches worldwide, and how environmental non-state actors reshaped the United States' and World Bank's development policies"-- Provided by publisher "The Rise of Global Sustainable Development in the Twentieth Century Of Limits and Growth connects three of the most important aspects of the twentieth century: decolonization, the rise of environmentalism, and the United States' support for economic development and modernization in the Third World. It links these trends by revealing how environmental NGOs challenged and reformed development approaches of the U.S. government, World Bank, and United Nations from the 1960s through the 1990s. The book shows how NGOs promoted the use of "appropriate" technologies, environmental reviews in the lending process, development plans based on ecological principles, and international cooperation on global issues such as climate change. It also reveals that the "sustainable development" concept emerged from transnational negotiations in which environmentalists accommodated the developmental aspirations of Third World intellectuals and leaders. In sum, Of Limits and Growth offers a new history of sustainability by elucidating the global origins of environmental activism, the ways in which environmental activists challenged development approaches worldwide, and how environmental non-state actors reshaped the United States' and World Bank's development policies"-- Del editor Cover 1 Half-title page 3 Series page 5 Title page 7 Copyright page 8 Contents 9 Illustrations 11 Acknowledgments 13 Introduction NGOs and the Origins of “Sustainable Development” 17 Part One Origins 31 1 The Rise of International Conservation and Postwar Development 33 2 Parks and Poverty in Africa: Conservation, Decolonization, and Development 70 3 “The World’s Most Dangerous Political Issue”: The 1972 Stockholm Conference and the Politics of Environmental Protection 107 Part Two Reforms 151 4 When Small Seemed Beautiful: NGOs, Appropriate Technology, and International Development in the 1970s 153 5 Leveraging the Lenders: The Quest for Environmental Impact Statements in the United States and the World Bank 188 6 Conservation for Development: The World Conservation Strategy and the Rise of Sustainable Development Planning 235 Part Three Persistent Problems 275 7 The Persistence of Old Problems: The Politics of Environment and Development at the Rio Earth Summit 277 Conclusion The Growth and Limits of NGOs 320 Archives 333 Index 337 Of Limits and Growth offers new perspectives on environmentalism, post-1945 international history, and the origins of sustainability.