OECD reviews of innovation policy. France 2014

This report compares the performance of the French innnovation systems with that of other countries and presents the conclusions of interviews with 30 key actors in the French research and innovation system. During the past ten years, this system has undergone profound changes, and the report highlights the governments plan to dynamise and reform the system. Foreword Table of contents Acknowledgements and contributions Abbreviations and acronyms Reader's guide Analytical approach to national innovation systems Review of France References Executive summary Chapter 1. Overall assessment and recommendations Strategic challenges facing the French research and innovation system (SFRI) Performance of the SFRI The PIA Chapter 2. France's economic performance and innovation Diminished competitiveness Manufacturing and service sectors: Differing trends The increase in government deficits Insufficiently innovation-friendly general conditions. The role of innovation in the decline of French industryNotes References Chapter 3. Initial training of human resources for research and innovation in France Workforce training (skills available for innovation) Primary and secondary education (the foundations of skills for innovation) Higher education (initial training for innovation) Internationalisation and training of HR Challenges to improving the quality of training in higher education References Chapter 4. Public research in France Introduction Scientific output and the cost of French public research. Public research organisations (PROs)Reforms Universities Conclusion: What is the current status of the public research system in France? Notes References Chapter 5. Transfers between public research and businesses in France Introduction Rapidly changing environment Forms of transfer: A few performance-related aspects Conclusions Notes References Chapter 6. Research and innovation support policies in France Overview of business innovation policies Research tax credit (CIR) Direct instruments of public support for innovation in business Targeted and sectoral policies. Conclusion: Assessment of French policies supporting research and innovationNotes References Chapter 7. Innovative entrepreneurship in France A review of innovative business creation in France Venture capital and business angels Policies supporting innovative entrepreneurship Notes References Chapter 8. Governance of research and innovation policies in France What does governance of a scientific and technological system mean? Overall governance in France Vertical co-ordination Policy assessment Regional and local authorities The European dimension Conclusion References.