OECD Reviews of Health Systems: Kazakhstan 2018

Foreword 5 Acknowledgments 6 Table of contents 7 Acronyms and abbreviations 13 Executive Summary 15 Assessment and recommendations 17 Kazakhstan’s health system and health care needs 20 Overall performance of the health system 25 Primary care in Kazakhstan 27 The hospital sector in Kazakhstan 29 Conclusions 34 Notes 38 References 39 Chapter 1. Key features of the health care system in Kazakhstan 41 1.1. Kazakhstan in context 42 1.2. Health Status in Kazakhstan 48 1.3. Description of the health care system 62 1.4. Overall performance of the health system 73 1.5. Summary assessment and strategic directions 86 Notes 96 References 98 Chapter 2. Improving the performance of primary health care in Kazakhstan 101 2.1. Introduction 102 2.2. The configuration of primary health care 102 2.3. Recent key reforms concerning primary care 112 2.4. Performance of primary care 122 2.5. Summary assessment and recommended strategic directions 135 Notes 148 References 149 Chapter 3. Improving the performance of hospital care in Kazakhstan 153 3.1. Introduction 154 3.2. Kazakhstan has launched multiple initiatives to modernise the hospital sector 156 3.3. The hospital sector today 163 3.4. Performance of the hospital system in Kazakhstan 182 3.5. Summary assessment and strategic direction 204 Notes 214 References 216 Kazakhstan has made significant economic progress over recent decades. Health has risen on the policy agenda with a number of sector reforms introduced to modernise the system and improve the health of the population. This review uses globally recognised frameworks and indicators to evaluate Kazakhstan's overall health system as well as its primary care and hospital sectors. Data provided by Kazakhstan is used to benchmark the various dimensions of performance with that of OECD countries. While the review points to notable successes, Kazakhstan continues to face challenges to improve the accessibility, equity, and efficiency of health services. To strengthen health system performance, the report points to key actions that Kazakhstan should consider prioritising in the coming years Intro Foreword Acknowledgments Table of contents Acronyms and abbreviations Executive Summary Assessment and recommendations Kazakhstan's health system and health care needs Overall performance of the health system Primary care in Kazakhstan The hospital sector in Kazakhstan Conclusions Notes References Chapter 1. Key features of the health care system in Kazakhstan 1.1. Kazakhstan in context 1.2. Health Status in Kazakhstan 1.3. Description of the health care system 1.4. Overall performance of the health system 1.5. Summary assessment and strategic directions Notes. 3.5. Summary assessment and strategic directionNotes References.