OECD/G20 Base Erosion and Profit Shifting Project Prevention of Treaty Abuse - Peer Review Report on Treaty Shopping Inclusive Framework on BEPS: Action 6

Foreword Abbreviations and acronyms Executive summary Background Conduct and results of the review Conclusions and next steps Notes Chapter 1. Context of the Action 6 Minimum Standard Treaty shopping explained Some previous attempts to tackle treaty shopping BEPS and treaty shopping The Action 6 minimum standard The express statement Three methods of addressing treaty shopping The obligation to implement the minimum standard Monitoring implementation of the minimum standard The multilateral instrument The Inclusive Framework Notes References Chapter 2. Conducting the Action 6 Peer Review on Treaty Shopping Terms of reference of the review Conduct of the Peer Review References Chapter 3. Aggregate results of the Peer Review Main findings of the first Peer Review Aggregate statistical data Complaint agreements Non-compliant agreements subject to a complying instrument Methods of implementing the Action 6 minimum standard Compliant agreements Non-compliant agreements subject to a complying instrument Difficulties in implementing the minimum standard Notes References Chapter 4. Conclusions and next steps The MLI Identifying implementation issues Next steps References Annex A. Jurisdictional data Explanation of the jurisdictional data Explanations of the data shown in the jurisdictional sections The number of tax agreements: The tax agreements compliant with the minimum standard: The tax agreements subject to a complying instrument: Data for each jurisdiction of the Inclusive Framework Andorra A. Progress in the implementation of the minimum standard B. Implementation issues Angola A. Progress in the implementation of the minimum standard B. Implementation issues Anguilla A. Progress in the implementation of the minimum standard B. Implementation issues Argentina A. Progress in the implementation of the minimum standard B. Implementation issues Australia A. Progress in the implementation of the minimum standard B. Implementation issues Austria A. Progress in the implementation of the minimum standard B. Implementation issues Bahamas A. Progress in the implementation of the minimum standard B. Implementation issues Bahrain A. Progress in the implementation of the minimum standard B. Implementation issues Barbados A. Progress in the implementation of the minimum standard B. Implementation issues Belgium A. Progress in the implementation of the minimum standard B. Implementation issues Belize A. Progress in the implementation of the minimum standard B. Implementation issues Benin A. Progress in the implementation of the minimum standard B. Implementation issues Bermuda A. Progress in the implementation of the minimum standard Botswana A. Progress in the implementation of the minimum standard Brazil A. Progress in the implementation of the minimum standard British Virgin Islands A. Progress in the implementation of the minimum standard B. Implementation issues Brunei Darussalam A. Progress in the implementation of the minimum standard B. Implementation issues Bulgaria A. Progress in the implementation of the minimum standard B. Implementation issues Burkina Faso A. Progress in the implementation of the minimum standard B. Implementation issues Cameroon A. Progress in the implementation of the minimum standard B. Implementation issues Canada A. Progress in the implementation of the minimum standard B. Implementation issues Cayman Islands A. Progress in the implementation of the minimum standard B. Implementation issues Chile A. Progress in the implementation of the minimum standard B. Implementation issues China A. Progress in the implementation of the minimum standard B. Implementation issues Colombia A. Progress in the implementation of the minimum standard B. Implementation issues Congo A. Progress in the implementation of the minimum standard B. Implementation issues Costa Rica A. Progress in the implementation of the minimum standard B. Implementation issues Côte d'Ivoire A. Progress in the implementation of the minimum standard B. Implementation issues Croatia A. Progress in the implementation of the minimum standard B. Implementation issues Curacao A. Progress in the implementation of the minimum standard B. Implementation issues Czech Republic A. Progress in the implementation of the minimum standard B. Implementation issues Democratic Republic of the Congo A. Progress in the implementation of the minimum standard B. Implementation issues Denmark A. Progress in the implementation of the minimum standard B. Implementation issues Djibouti A.Progress in the implementation of the minimum standard B. Implementation issues Egypt A. Progress in the implementation of the minimum standard B. Implementation issues Estonia A. Progress in the implementation of the minimum standard B. Implementation issues Finland A. Progress in the implementation of the minimum standard B. Implementation issues France A. Progress in the implementation of the minimum standard B. Implementation issues Gabon A. Progress in the implementation of the minimum standard B. Implementation issues Georgia A. Progress in the implementation of the minimum standard B. Implementation issues Germany A. Progress in the implementation of the minimum standard B. Implementation issues Greece A. Progress in the implementation of the minimum standard B. Implementation issues Guernsey A. Progress in the implementation of the minimum standard B. Implementation issues Haiti A. Progress in the implementation of the minimum standard B. Implementation issues Hong Kong, China A. Progress in the implementation of the minimum standard B. Implementation issues Hungary A. Progress in the implementation of the minimum standard B. Implementation issues Iceland A. Progress in the implementation of the minimum standard B. Implementation issues India A. Progress in the implementation of the minimum standard B. Implementation issues Indonesia A. Progress in the implementation of the minimum standard B. Implementation issues Ireland A. Progress in the implementation of the minimum standard B. Implementation issues The Isle of Man A. Progress in the implementation of the minimum standard B. Implementation issues Israel A. Progress in the implementation of the minimum standard B. Implementation issues Italy A. Progress in the implementation of the minimum standard B. Implementation issues Jamaica A. Progress in the implementation of the minimum standard B. Implementation issues Japan A. Progress in the implementation of the minimum standard B. Implementation issues Jersey A. Progress in the implementation of the minimum standard B. Implementation issues Kazakhstan A. Progress in the implementation of the minimum standard B. Implementation issues Kenya A. Progress in the implementation of the minimum standard B. Implementation issues Korea A. Progress in the implementation of the minimum standard B. Implementation issues Latvia A. Progress in the implementation of the minimum standard B. Implementation issues Liberia A. Progress in the implementation of the minimum standard B. Implementation issues Liechtenstein A. Progress in the implementation of the minimum standard B. Implementation issues Lithuania A. Progress in the implementation of the minimum standard B. Implementation issues Luxembourg A. Progress in the implementation of the minimum standard B. Implementation issues Macau (China) A. Progress in the implementation of the minimum standard B. Implementation issues Malaysia A. Progress in the implementation of the minimum standard B. Implementation issues Maldives A. Progress in the implementation of the minimum standard B. Implementation issues Malta A. Progress in the implementation of the minimum standard B. Implementation issues Mauritius A. Progress in the implementation of the minimum standard B. Implementation issues Mexico A. Progress in the implementation of the minimum standard B. Implementation issues Monaco A. Progress in the implementation of the minimum standard B. Implementation issues Mongolia A. Progress in the implementation of the minimum standard B. Implementation issues Montserrat A. Progress in the implementation of the minimum standard B. Implementation issues The Netherlands A. Progress in the implementation of the minimum standard B. Implementation issues New Zealand A. Progress in the implementation of the minimum standard B. Implementation issues Nigeria A. Progress in the implementation of the minimum standard B. Implementation issues Norway A. Progress in the implementation of the minimum standard B. Implementation issues Oman A. Progress in the implementation of the minimum standard B. Implementation issues Pakistan A. Progress in the implementation of the minimum standard B. Implementation issues Panama A. Progress in the implementation of the minimum standard B. Implementation issues Papua New Guinea A. Progress in the implementation of the minimum standard B. Implementation issues Paraguay A. Progress in the implementation of the minimum standard B. Implementation issues Peru A. Progress in the implementation of the minimum standard B. Implementation issues Poland A. Progress in the implementation of the minimum standard B. Implementation issues Portugal A. Progress in the implementation of the minimum standard B. Implementation issues Qatar A. Progress in the implementation of the minimum standard B. Implementation issues Romania A. Progress in the implementation of the minimum standard B. Implementation issues Russia A. Progress in the implementation of the minimum standard B. Implementation issues Saint Kitts and Nevis A. Progress in the implementation of the minimum standard B. Implementation issues San Marino A. Progress in the implementation of the minimum standard B. Implementation issues Saudi Arabia A. Progress in the implementation of the minimum standard B. Implementation issues Senegal A. Progress in the implementation of the minimum standard B. Implementation issues Serbia A. Progress in the implementation of the minimum standard B. Implementation issues Seychelles A. Progress in the implementation of the minimum standard B. Implementation issues Sierra Leone A. Progress in the implementation of the minimum standard B. Implementation issues Singapore A. Progress in the implementation of the minimum standard B. Implementation issues Slovak Republic A. Progress in the implementation of the minimum standard B. Implementation issues Slovenia A. Progress in the implementation of the minimum standard B. Implementation issues South Africa A. Progress in the implementation of the minimum standard B. Implementation issues Spain A. Progress in the implementation of the minimum standard B. Implementation issues Sri Lanka A. Progress in the implementation of the minimum standard B. Implementation issues Saint Lucia A. Progress in the implementation of the minimum standard B. Implementation issues Sweden A. Progress in the implementation of the minimum standard B. Implementation issues Switzerland A. Progress in the implementation of the minimum standard B. Implementation issues Thailand A. Progress in the implementation of the minimum standard B. Implementation issues Trinidad and Tobago A. Progress in the implementation of the minimum standard B. Implementation issues Tunisia A. Progress in the implementation of the minimum standard B. Implementation issues Turkey A. Progress in the implementation of the minimum standard B. Implementation issues Turks and Caicos Islands A. Progress in the implementation of the minimum standard B. Implementation issues Ukraine A. Progress in the implementation of the minimum standard B. Implementation issues United Arab Emirates A. Progress in the implementation of the minimum standard B. Implementation issues United Kingdom A. Progress in the implementation of the minimum standard B. Implementation issues United States A. Progress in the implementation of the minimum standard B. Implementation issues Uruguay A. Progress in the implementation of the minimum standard B. Implementation issues Viet Nam A. Progress in the implementation of the minimum standard B. Implementation issues Zambia A. Progress in the implementation of the minimum standard B. Implementation issues Notes BEPS Action 6 minimum standard on preventing the granting of treaty benefits in inappropriate circumstances, is one of the four BEPS minimum standards that all Inclusive Framework members have committed to implement. This report reflects the outcome of the first peer review of the implementation of the Action 6 minimum standard on treaty shopping as approved by the Inclusive Framework on BEPS. It includes the aggregate results of the review and data on tax treaties concluded by each of the 116 members of the Inclusive Framework on BEPS on 30 June 2018. Chapter 1 provides context of the Action 6 minimum standard, Chapter 2 focuses on the peer review process, Chapter 3 highlights the aggregate results of the peer review and Chapter 4 presents the conclusions and next steps. The annex contains the jurisdictional section for each members of the BEPS Inclusive Framework