Odour and ammonia emissions from livestock farming : proceedings of a seminar held in Silsoe, United Kingdom, 26-28 march 1990

BOOK COVER......Page 1 HALF-TITLE......Page 2 TITLE......Page 4 COPYRIGHT......Page 5 PREFACE......Page 6 CONTENTS......Page 8 Session I AMMONIA AND ODOUR EMISSION FROM LIVESTOCK PRODUCTION......Page 12 1. INTRODUCTION......Page 13 2 MATERIALS AND METHODS......Page 14 3. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION......Page 15 REFERENCES......Page 19 ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS OF AMMONIA......Page 21 2. SOIL ACIDIFICATION......Page 22 3. NITROGEN ENRICHMENT......Page 23 4. AMMONIUM DEPOSITION AND THE CONDITION OF FORESTS......Page 24 6. THE ROLE OF AMMONIUM IN RELATION TO THE CANOPY-ION EXCHANGE......Page 25 7. AMMONIUM DEPOSITION AND A DISTURBED NUTRIENT BALANCE IN THE SOIL......Page 26 REFERENCES......Page 27 THE ROLE OF AMMONIA AS AN ATMOSPHERIC POLLUTANT......Page 29 REFERENCES......Page 32 1. Introduction......Page 34 3. Mechanical removal of the manure......Page 36 5. Use of bedding......Page 38 6. Feed and additives......Page 39 8. Conclusions......Page 40 9. References......Page 41 1. INTRODUCTION......Page 43 4. CATTLE......Page 44 5. PIG HOUSES......Page 47 6. CONCLUSIONS......Page 53 7. RECOMMENDATIONS......Page 54 1. Introduction......Page 55 2. Influence of Air Conditions and Animal Activity on Ammonia Emissions......Page 56 3. Ammonia Emissions from Different Animals and Different Housing Systems......Page 58 4. Emissions Arising from Broiler Keeping......Page 59 5. Methods to Decrease Emissions......Page 60 REFERENCES......Page 61 1. INTRODUCTION......Page 62 2.1. The tests carried out......Page 63 Chemical parameters......Page 64 Ammonia emissions......Page 66 3. DRYING OF POULTRY MANURE BY COMPOSTING......Page 67 4. TOTAL AMMONIA EMISSIONS......Page 68 REFERENCES......Page 69 INTRODUCTION......Page 70 MEASURING METHOD......Page 71 ODOUR EMISSION......Page 73 AMMONIA EMISSION......Page 74 TN-STORAGE COMPOSITIONAL CHANGES......Page 76 LITERATURE......Page 77 EXPERIENCES WITH AUTOMATIC AMMONIA ANALYSES......Page 78 1. OBJECTIVES......Page 82 2. FLOW FIELDS IN ANIMAL HOUSES......Page 83 3. MEASUREMENT OF AMMONIA......Page 86 4. MODELLING THE DISPERSION......Page 88 References......Page 90 Session III CONTROLLING AMMONIA AND ODOUR EMISSIONS FROM BUILDINGS AND STORES......Page 91 Introduction......Page 92 Central scrubber for new animal houses......Page 94 Subsequent installation of a two-stage scrubber......Page 98 Literatur......Page 100 1. PRINCIPLE OF AN AIR SCRUBBER......Page 101 2. NITRIFICATION......Page 102 4. TESTS WITH SEMI-TECHNICAL AIR SCRUBBERS......Page 103 5. MEASUREMENTS OF BIOFILTERS IN PRACTICE......Page 104 REFERENCES......Page 105 1. INTRODUCTION......Page 107 2.1 Emissions during spreading......Page 108 2.2 Emissions after spreading......Page 109 4. THE COSTS OF ACHIEVING REDUCTIONS IN EMISSIONS......Page 114 REFERENCES......Page 115 INTRODUCTION......Page 117 3. AMMONIA EMISSION AND DECAY......Page 118 4.l. General methods......Page 120 4.2. Methods for reduction of emission on arable land.......Page 122 4.3. Methods for emission reduction on grassland.......Page 123 6. REFERENCES......Page 124 1 INTRODUCTION......Page 126 2 MATERIALS AND METHODS......Page 127 3 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION......Page 128 REFERENCES......Page 133 2. MATERIAL AND METHODS......Page 135 3. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION......Page 136 REFERENCES......Page 140 LABORATORY AND FIELD EXPERIMENTS FOR ESTIMATING AMMONIA LOSSES FROM PIG AND CATTLE SLURRY FOLLOWING APPLICATION......Page 141 MATERIALS AND METHODS......Page 142 CONCLUSIONS......Page 147 REFERENCES......Page 148 1. INTRODUCTION......Page 150 2. METHODS......Page 151 4. AMMONIA LOSS......Page 152 5. REFERENCES......Page 155 1. INTRODUCTION......Page 157 2. EXPERIMENTAL......Page 158 3. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION......Page 162 REFERENCES......Page 164 1. INTRODUCTION......Page 166 3. SOIL MODULE......Page 167 4. TRANSFER MODULE......Page 170 5. REQUIRED PARAMETERS......Page 172 6. FIELD EXPERIMENTS......Page 173 8. REFERENCES......Page 174 9. APPENDIX on pH......Page 175 2. Ammonia emission from agriculture in Ireland......Page 177 3. Reducing Ammonia Emission from Landspreading of Manure......Page 178 REFERENCES......Page 179 Session V AMMONIA AND ODOUR LOSSES FROM GRASSLAND......Page 181 2. METHODS......Page 182 3.1 Former results......Page 183 3.2 Odour and ammonia emissions after adding agents to cattle slurry......Page 184 3.3 Ammonia loss under field conditions......Page 185 REFERENCES......Page 187 1. INTRODUCTION......Page 189 3. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION......Page 190 4. N-BUDGET OF URINE PATCHES......Page 192 5. CALCULATION OF THE AMMONIA EMISSION FROM GRAZED PASTURES AT DIFFERENT RATES OF FERTILIZATION......Page 193 6. REFERENCES......Page 195 1. INTRODUCTION......Page 196 2. EXPERIMENTAL SYSTEMS......Page 197 3. FACTORS CONTROLLING LOSSES......Page 198 4. TOTAL LOSSES UNDER GRAZING......Page 199 5. CONCLUSIONS......Page 201 REFERENCES......Page 202 Session VI DEVELOPMENTS IN ODOUR MEASUREMENTS......Page 204 1. Introduction......Page 205 2.3. Odour concentration......Page 206 3.1. Odour concentration from broiler houses fitted with different drinker types—Site A......Page 207 3.3. Odour intensity—Sites B and C......Page 208 References......Page 213 1. PREFACE......Page 215 2. INTRODUCTION......Page 216 3. INVENTORY OF METHODS......Page 217 4. DISCUSSION OF METHODS......Page 218 5. RECOMMENDATIONS......Page 220 REFERENCES......Page 223 ACHIEVEMENTS OF THE ODOUR GROUP......Page 225 PROPOSAL FOR FURTHER ACTIVITIES......Page 226 REFERENCES......Page 227 SESSION II......Page 228 SESSION IV......Page 229 SESSION VI......Page 230 LIST OF PARTICIPANTS......Page 231 INDEX OF AUTHORS......Page 234 Proceedings of a seminar held in Silsoe, UK, 26-28 March 1990. This was the final workshop in a series held by the Expert Odours Group of theCommission of the European Communities, COST 681 programme. Its objectives:- to review the present state of knowledge concerning the measurementand control of ammonia and odours emissions from livestock production. To makerecommendations for future research needs and to continue the programme ofcollaboration