Oceanographic Processes of Coral Reefs : Physical and Biological Links in the Great Barrier Reef

Demonstrating the relevance and need of science in planning the future of the Great Barrier Reef and coral reefs worldwide, Oceanographic Processes of Coral Reefs: Physical and Biological Links in the Great Barrier Reef emphasizes multi-disciplinary processes - physical and biological links - that have emerged as the dominant forces shaping and controlling the ecosystem. The book draws heavily on data from coral reefs in Australia, Indonesia, Thailand, and the Philippines. Oceanographic Processes of Coral Reefs: Physical and Biological Links in the Great Barrier Reef covers:Climate and global changeCoastal oceanographyWetlands ecologyEstuariesMarine biologyLand use management in the tropicsFisheries managementCoral Reef ecological modelingBiodiversity and the human impactExplore how the ecosystem responds to both physical and biological stimuli, and how they interactUnderstand processes imperative to create sustainable design strategiesComprehend the connectivity of biotopes - land, mangroves, seagrass, and coralsDiscover the relationship between managing marine resources and managing adjoining land useLearn how fish behavior and migration patterns control fisheries cover.jpg......Page 1 0833fm.pdf......Page 2 OCEANOGRAPHIC PROCESSES OF CORAL REEFS: Physical and Biological Links in the Great Barrier Reef......Page 3 Foreword......Page 5 Dedication......Page 6 About the Editor......Page 7 Contributors......Page 8 Contents......Page 12 Introduction: OCEANOGRAPHIC PROCESSES OF CORAL REEFS......Page 15 Table of Contents......Page 0 INTRODUCTION......Page 17 THE NEED TO MANAGE THE GBR......Page 18 BROADENING THE SCIENTIFIC BASE......Page 19 THE EMERGENCE OF PUBLIC CONCERN FOR THE HEALTH OF THE GBR — AND ITS CONSEQUENCES......Page 20 THE RELEVANCE OF SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH TO THE MANAGEMENT OF THE GBR......Page 21 INTRODUCTION......Page 23 LAND USE......Page 24 MANGROVES AND SEAGRASS......Page 25 FRINGING CORALS......Page 26 ECOSYSTEM CONNECTIVITY......Page 27 MANAGEMENT......Page 29 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS......Page 30 INTRODUCTION......Page 35 THE HERBERT RIVER CATCHMENT......Page 37 SURFACE WATER QUALITY......Page 38 CONTEMPORARY BROADSCALE LANDCOVER CHANGE IN GBRMP CATCHMENTS......Page 39 LANDCOVER CHANGE IN THE HERBERT RIVER CATCHMENT......Page 42 WATER QUALITY IN THE HERBERT RIVER CATCHMENT......Page 43 DISCUSSION......Page 44 CONCLUSIONS......Page 46 REFERENCES......Page 47 INTRODUCTION......Page 52 CATCHMENTS ADJOINING THE GBR......Page 53 SUSPENDED SEDIMENTS IN NORTH QUEENSLAND RIVERS......Page 56 DISSOLVED AND PARTICULATE NUTRIENTS IN NORTH QUEENSLAND RIVERS......Page 57 NUTRIENT TRANSFORMATIONS WITHIN CATCHMENTS......Page 58 DISCUSSION......Page 59 REFERENCES......Page 62 INTRODUCTION......Page 67 TIDAL CIRCULATION......Page 68 WATER FLOW THROUGH THE FOREST......Page 69 MIXING, FLUSHING, AND SEED DISPERSION......Page 70 WAVES IN MANGROVES......Page 72 MAINTENANCE OF BIODIVERSITY......Page 73 SEDIMENTATION AND SEA-LEVEL RISE......Page 75 FINE SEDIMENT AS A TRACER FOR MIXING......Page 77 GROUNDWATER FLOW AND BIOTURBATION......Page 78 RECRUITMENT OF PRAWN LARVAE......Page 79 REFERENCES......Page 80 INTRODUCTION......Page 91 THE IMPORTANCE OF WATER CLARITY IN GBR WATERS......Page 92 LOSS OF CATCHMENT VEGETATION — MORE MUD IN ESTUARINE WATERS......Page 93 MUD ACCUMULATION AND NEW MANGROVES IN DOWNSTREAM PARTS OF ESTUARIES AND NEARSHORE AREAS......Page 94 THE COST OF IGNORING THE ROLE OF MANGROVES......Page 97 CONCLUSION — A HOLISTIC STRATEGY......Page 98 REFERENCES......Page 100 INTRODUCTION......Page 106 EFFECTS OF SILTATION ON SEAGRASS DEPTH DISTRIBUTION AND ABUNDANCE......Page 107 EFFECTS OF SILTATION ON DIVERSITY, BIOMASS, AND SURVIVAL......Page 108 EFFECTS OF SILTATION ON SEAGRASS GROWTH AND PRIMARY PRODUCTIVITY......Page 109 EFFECTS OF SILTATION ON SEAGRASS MORPHOLOGY......Page 111 EFFECTS OF SEDIMENTATION ON CORAL ABUNDANCE, DIVERSITY, AND DISTRIBUTION......Page 113 MODELING REEF STATUS AND SEDIMENTATION......Page 114 RESPONSES OF MANGROVES TO SILTATION......Page 115 EFFECTS OF SILTATION ON SEAGRASS......Page 116 EFFECTS OF SEDIMENTATION ON CORAL REEFS......Page 117 REFERENCES......Page 118 INTRODUCTION......Page 125 ECOLOGICAL STRUCTURE......Page 126 MATHEMATICAL STRUCTURE......Page 127 VISUALIZATIONS......Page 128 COMBINED EFFECTS OF NATURAL DISTURBANCE AND HUMAN IMPACTS......Page 129 DISCUSSION......Page 130 REFERENCES......Page 133 INTRODUCTION......Page 138 FIELD METHODS......Page 141 ANALYTICAL METHODS......Page 142 SPATIAL PATTERNS IN SOFT CORAL RICHNESS, AND THE INFLUENCE OF TURBIDITY AND SEDIMENTATION......Page 143 PATTERNS IN SOFT AND HARD CORAL COVER......Page 144 DEPTH-RELATED PATTERNS......Page 145 DISCUSSION......Page 146 REFERENCES......Page 149 INTRODUCTION......Page 156 DISCHARGE CHARACTERISTICS OF THE CENTRAL GBR REGION......Page 157 MODELLING RIVER PLUMES IN THE CENTRAL GBR REGION......Page 158 SIMULATING THE 1981 FLOOD EVENT......Page 161 SIMULATING THE 1974 FLOOD EVENT......Page 162 SIMULATING THE 1979 FLOOD EVENT......Page 163 DISCUSSION......Page 164 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS......Page 165 REFERENCES......Page 166 INTRODUCTION......Page 171 THE GREAT BARRIER REEF IN TIME AND SPACE......Page 172 A WALK AROUND THE GREAT BARRIER REEF WORLD HERITAGE AREA......Page 173 THE CROSS-SHELF PARADIGM AND LAND-OCEAN PROCESSES—HOW FAR OFFSHORE DOES “LAND INFLUENCE” EXTEND?......Page 178 CROSS-SHELF AND INTER-OCEANIC CONNECTIVITY THROUGH FOOD CHAIN LINKS......Page 180 CONNECTIVITY AMONGST HABITATS THROUGH LARVAL DISPERSAL AND ONTOGENETIC MIGRATION......Page 183 A CASE STUDY OF BAITFISH–PREDATOR LINKS......Page 185 REFERENCES......Page 187 INTRODUCTION......Page 198 MAIN CHARACTERISTICS OF THE MODEL......Page 199 STRUCTURE OF BASIC MODEL......Page 200 PARAMETER DATABASES......Page 202 THE FISHERY......Page 204 BALANCING THE MODEL......Page 205 SIMULATIONS......Page 206 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION......Page 209 REFERENCES......Page 212 INTRODUCTION......Page 217 MATERIALS AND METHODS......Page 218 HELIX REEF STUDY......Page 219 BOWDEN REEF STUDY......Page 220 HELIX REEF STUDY......Page 221 Hydrodynamics......Page 223 Fish Distribution and Abundance......Page 224 Dispersion Model......Page 226 DISCUSSION......Page 227 REFERENCES......Page 230 INTRODUCTION......Page 239 METHODS......Page 240 CONCLUSION......Page 241 REFERENCES......Page 242 INTRODUCTION......Page 245 CURRENT DATA......Page 247 CORAL SEA DATA......Page 248 INTERANNUAL VARIABILITY......Page 249 CORAL SEA CIRCULATION......Page 250 DAILY ACTIVITY......Page 251 MOON......Page 252 WATER TEMPERATURE......Page 253 CURRENTS......Page 254 DISCUSSION......Page 255 REFERENCES......Page 256 INTRODUCTION......Page 262 HALIMEDA BANKS ON THE GBR......Page 263 TIDAL JETS, THE BERNOULLI EFFECT, AND NUTRIENT PUMPING......Page 264 INTRIGUING CORRELATIONS......Page 266 THE GEOLOGICAL DIMENSION......Page 268 CONCLUSIONS......Page 269 REFERENCES......Page 270 INTRODUCTION......Page 275 SOURCES OF CLIMATE AND WEATHER DATA FOR THE GBR AND QUEENSLAND......Page 276 Sea Surface Temperature, Atmospheric Circulation, Cloud, and Light......Page 278 Tropical Cyclones......Page 279 Rainfall......Page 280 EL NIÑO–SOUTHERN OSCILLATION......Page 281 CORAL BLEACHING......Page 282 FRESHWATER PLUMES AND LUMINESCENT BANDS......Page 283 CHANGING SSTS AND AIR TEMPERATURES......Page 284 RECORDS FROM CORALS......Page 285 PROJECTED CLIMATES......Page 286 REFERENCES......Page 288 INTRODUCTION......Page 307 WATER MOVEMENT WITHIN THE GBR......Page 310 GBR WEATHER AND SST DURING FEBRUARY 1998......Page 311 THE CENTRAL AND NORTHERN GBR STORY......Page 312 DISCUSSION......Page 313 REFERENCES......Page 314 INTRODUCTION......Page 320 PHYSICAL EXTENT AND STATUS......Page 322 USE OF CORAL REEFS......Page 323 ATTITUDES TOWARD CORAL REEFS......Page 325 THREATS TO CORAL REEFS......Page 326 CURRENT STATUS......Page 328 TOWARD GREATER DECENTRALIZATION......Page 329 FUTURE OF CORAL REEFS......Page 331 REFERENCES......Page 332 COMPARISON WITH THE LAND......Page 336 WHO CONTROLS THE GBR?......Page 337 THE IMPORTANCE OF THE GBR TO AUSTRALIANS......Page 338 WHAT IS ACTUALLY HAPPENING, AND WHAT MIGHT DAMAGE THE GBR?......Page 340 INNER REEFS......Page 341 ENDANGERED, THREATENED, VULNERABLE, OR RARE SPECIES OF MARINE MAMMALS AND TURTLES (“CHARISMATIC MEGAFAUNA”) (AFTER MARSH ET AL., 1997)......Page 343 TRAWLING AND LINE FISHING......Page 344 COASTAL PLANNING......Page 345 A HOUSE LEASE IN LIZARD ISLAND NATIONAL PARK......Page 346 HINCHINBROOK CHANNEL DEVELOPMENT......Page 347 ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT......Page 349 CONCLUSION......Page 350 REFERENCES......Page 351

Demonstrating the relevance and need of science in planning the future of the Great Barrier Reef and coral reefs worldwide, Oceanographic Processes of Coral Reefs: Physical and Biological Links in the Great Barrier Reef emphasizes multi-disciplinary processes - physical and biological links - that have emerged as the dominant forces shaping and controlling the ecosystem. The book draws heavily on data from coral reefs in Australia, Indonesia, Thailand, and the Philippines.

Oceanographic Processes of Coral Reefs: Physical and Biological Links in the Great Barrier Reef covers:

• Climate and global change
  
• Coastal oceanography
  
• Wetlands ecology
  
• Estuaries
  
• Marine biology
  
• Land use management in the tropics
  
• Fisheries management
  
• Coral Reef ecological modeling
  
• Biodiversity and the human impact

Explore how the ecosystem responds to both physical and biological stimuli, and how they interact Understand processes imperative to create sustainable design strategies Comprehend the connectivity of biotopes - land, mangroves, seagrass, and corals Discover the relationship between managing marine resources and managing adjoining land use Learn how fish behavior and migration patterns control fisheries

This book demonstrates the relevance of science and the need of science in planning the future of the Great Barrier Reef and coral reefs worldwide. The book emphasizes multi-disciplinary processes, l.e. physical and biological links, as these emerge as the dominant forces shaping and controlling the ecosystem. It draws heavily on experience with coral reefs in Australia, Indonesia, Thailand and the Philippines. A CD-ROM accompanies the book with spectacular video clips and computer visualization of linked ecological and physical processes. Drawing from data on coral reefs in Australia, Indonesia, Thailand, and the Philippines, these 20 chapters emphasize the multi-disciplinary processes that have emerged as the dominant forces shaping and controlling the ecosystem. A CD-ROM features graphics, video clips, and computer visualizations of linked physical, sedimentological, and biologica This book brings together many authoritative scientific and technological papers which demonstrate the way in which systematic studies can help decision-makers understand the linkages between land- and water-use practices and their impacts on coral reef processes and structure.