اکتشافات اقیانوسی: سکونت لاپیتا و اقیانوس آرام غربی (تررا آسترالیس، ۲۶)

"Lapita comprises an archaeological horizon that is fundamental to the understanding of human colonisation and settlement of the Pacific as it is associated with the arrival of the common ancestors of the Polynesians and many Austronesian-speaking Melanesians more than 3000 years ago. While Lapita archaeology has captured the imagination and sustained the focus of archaeologists for more than 50 years, more recent discoveries have inspired renewed interpretations and assessments. Oceanic Explorations reports on a number of these latest discoveries and includes papers which reassess the Lapita phenomenon in light of this new data. They reflect on a broad range of interrelated themes including Lapita chronology, patterns of settlement, migration, interaction and exchange, ritual behaviour, sampling strategies and ceramic analyses, all of which relate to aspects highlighting both advances and continuing impediments associated with Lapita research."--Publisher's description This monograph reports on 15,000 years of technological and social change in a region of northern Australia located on the edge of the semi-arid zone amidst mesas, deep gorges and dry basalt plains. It is a region best known for its spectacular rock art, and more particularly the striped anthropomorphic figures known as the Lightning Brothers which decorate the walls of some rockshelters in the south of the traditional lands of the Wardaman people. The region is also known for its rich archaeological record, and has been the subject of intensive archaeological study since Davidson's research there in the 1930s. This monograph is based on a PhD thesis submitted at the Australian National University in 2004. It employs foraging theory and recent thinking about the strategic organisation of lithic technology to explore changing settlement and subsistence practices in this region since the end of the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM). Applying this approach to the explanation of assemblage variability in Wardaman Country offers new insights into the possible reasons for technological and social change in this region over the last 15,000 years. Two chapters that originally appeared in the PhD Thesis, one expounding the role of modern Darwinian theory in the explanation of cultural change and another exploring technological provisioning across space in Wardaman Country do not appear in this monograph. The ideas about technological responses to different foraging practices developed in this monograph are tested against assemblage data from four rockshelters located in different parts of Wardaman Country. The results of the study suggest that major changes in lithic technology and land use took place in reaction to increased subsistence risk brought on by declines in the abundance and predictability of resources. These declines may have been triggered by the onset of ENSO-driven climatic variability after 5,000 BP, which appears to have reached its greatest severity in northern Australia between c. 3,500 and 2,000 BP. This study has important implications for our understanding of northern Australian prehistory, including the potential causes of broadly similar technological changes across large parts of the top end, the timing of increased inter-regional contact and the spread of new technologies. It also illustrates the importance of tracking continuity in manufacturing traditions as a means of understanding the kinds of social processes that underlie regional technological changes terra australis 26......Page 0 Preface......Page 7 Contents......Page 9 Lapita and Western Pacific Settlement......Page 11 The origins of Early Lapita culture......Page 27 Small islands in the big picture......Page 61 Lapita all over......Page 81 Lapita Writ Small? Revisiting the AustronesianColonisation of the Papuan South Coast......Page 107 Leap-frogging or Limping? Recent Evidence from theLapita Littoral Fringe, New Georgia, Solomon Islands......Page 133 Sample Size and the Reef/Santa Cruz LapitaSequence......Page 151 Makué (Aore Island, Santo, Vanuatu)......Page 161 Echoes from a distance......Page 173 Paleoenvironment of Lapita sites on Fanga ‘UtaLagoon, Tongatapu, Kingdom of Tonga......Page 187 In Search of Lapita and Polynesian PlainwareSettlements in Vava’u, Kingdom of Tonga......Page 197 Can We Dig It? Archaeology of Ancestral PolynesianSociety in Tonga......Page 209 The implements of Lapita ceramic stampedornamentation......Page 223 The excavation, conservation andreconstruction of Lapita burial pots fromthe Teouma site, Efate, Central Vanuatu......Page 233 Detailed analysis of Lapita Face Motifs......Page 251 Looking at the big motifs......Page 275 Specialisation, standardisationand Lapita ceramics......Page 299

Lapita comprises an archaeological horizon that is fundamental to the understanding of human colonisation and settlement of the Pacific as it is associated with the arrival of the common ancestors of the Polynesians and many Austronesian-speaking Melanesians more than 3000 years ago. While Lapita archaeology has captured the imagina