Ocean Energy and Coastal Protection : A Novel Strategy for Coastal Management Under Climate Change

This book presents the innovative concept of the dual function of wave farms as both renewable energy generators and coastal protection elements against erosion and flooding. Developing renewable energy is one of the most pressing targets for society in the coming decades due to the finite nature of fossil fuels, their high costs, and the environmental impacts of their exploration and use, including climate change and the subsequent sea-level rise. Wave energy is one of the most promising renewable energy sources, thanks to its huge potential and low impact on the environment. As such, this book discusses the development and application of artificial intelligence to optimise wave farm location and layout, assesses the influence of the wave energy converter geometry on coastal protection against erosion and flooding, and analyses how the performance of wave farms as coastal defence elements is affected by climate change and sea level rise. The concepts, methods and conclusions presented are helpful to students, researchers, academics, engineers, designers, stakeholders and managers around the globe interested in wave energy, coastal engineering, and coastal management. Preface 6 Contents 7 1 Introduction 10 1.1 An Overview of Ocean Energy 10 1.2 State of the Art in Wave Energy 11 1.3 Objective and Outline of the Book 11 References 11 2 Optimization of Wave Farm Location and Layout for Coastal Protection 17 2.1 Objective 17 2.2 Study Area 18 2.3 Methods 20 2.3.1 Artificial Neural Networks 20 2.3.2 Numerical Models 22 2.3.3 ANN Implementation 24 2.3.4 Wave Farm Optimization in the Study Zone 25 2.4 Results 25 2.4.1 Comparison of the Different Architectures and Algorithms 25 2.4.2 Final ANN Model 28 2.4.3 Wave Farm Optimization 30 2.5 Conclusions 32 References 33 3 Wave Energy Converter Configuration for Coastal Erosion Mitigation 36 3.1 Objective 36 3.2 Study Area 36 3.3 Methodology 37 3.3.1 Laboratory Tests 37 3.3.2 Numerical Models 38 3.4 Results 40 3.4.1 Significant Wave Heights at Breaking 40 3.4.2 Longshore Sediment Transport Rates 42 3.4.3 Shoreline Geometry 44 3.4.4 Dry Beach Area 46 3.5 Conclusions 48 References 49 4 Wave Energy Converter Configuration for Coastal Flooding Mitigation 51 4.1 Objective 51 4.2 Study Area 52 4.3 Methodology 53 4.3.1 Laboratory Tests 53 4.3.2 Numerical Models 53 4.4 Results 55 4.4.1 Nearshore Significant Wave Heights 55 4.4.2 Wave Run-Up 56 4.4.3 Flooded Cross-Shore Distances and Flooded Dry Beach Area 59 4.5 Conclusions 61 References 62 5 Management of Coastal Erosion Under Climate Change Through Wave Farms 64 5.1 Objective 64 5.2 Study Area 65 5.3 Methods 66 5.3.1 Modelled Wave Farm 66 5.3.2 Wave and Water Level Conditions 66 5.3.3 Wave Propagation Model 67 5.3.4 LST Formulation and One-Line Model 68 5.4 Results 69 5.4.1 Wave Farm Interaction with the Wave Field 69 5.4.2 LST Rate Variations 69 5.4.3 Shoreline Changes 71 5.4.4 Subaerial Beach Area Variation 73 5.5 Discussion 74 5.6 Conclusions 76 References 77 6 Management of Coastal Flooding Under Climate Change Through Wave Farms 79 6.1 Objective 79 6.2 Study Area 79 6.3 Methodology 81 6.3.1 Location and Layout of the Wave Farm 81 6.3.2 Wave Conditions and Sea-Level Rise Scenarios 81 6.3.3 Delft3D-Wave Model 82 6.3.4 XBeach-G Model 82 6.4 Results 82 6.4.1 Nearshore Wave Propagation: Significant Wave Heights at Breaking 82 6.4.2 Total Run-Up 84 6.4.3 Flooded Cross-Shore Distances 86 6.4.4 Flooded Area 89 6.5 Conclusions 89 References 90 Front Matter ....Pages i-ix Introduction (Rafael J. Bergillos, Cristobal Rodriguez-Delgado, Gregorio Iglesias)....Pages 1-7 Optimization of Wave Farm Location and Layout for Coastal Protection (Rafael J. Bergillos, Cristobal Rodriguez-Delgado, Gregorio Iglesias)....Pages 9-27 Wave Energy Converter Configuration for Coastal Erosion Mitigation (Rafael J. Bergillos, Cristobal Rodriguez-Delgado, Gregorio Iglesias)....Pages 29-43 Wave Energy Converter Configuration for Coastal Flooding Mitigation (Rafael J. Bergillos, Cristobal Rodriguez-Delgado, Gregorio Iglesias)....Pages 45-57 Management of Coastal Erosion Under Climate Change Through Wave Farms (Rafael J. Bergillos, Cristobal Rodriguez-Delgado, Gregorio Iglesias)....Pages 59-73 Management of Coastal Flooding Under Climate Change Through Wave Farms (Rafael J. Bergillos, Cristobal Rodriguez-Delgado, Gregorio Iglesias)....Pages 75-87