Observing our Changing Earth: Proceedings of the 2007 IAG General Assembly, Perugia, Italy, July 2 - 13, 2007 (International Association of Geodesy Symposia (133))

This volume contains a selection of 99 papers from the International Association of Geodesy (IAG) quadrennial General Assembly, held in Perugia, Italy, from July 2 to 13, 2007, in conjunction with the XXIV General Assembly of the International Union of Geodesy and Geophysics (IUGG). There were 225 oral and 474 poster presentations made at the five IAG Symposia, which covered the following research themes: Reference Frames, Gravity Field, Earth Rotation and Geodynamics, Positioning and Applications, The Global Geodetic Observing System (GGOS). The Symposia focused on Earth observation and the there pillars of geodesy (geometry, Earth rotation, gravity field), and the presented topics spanned a broad and multidisciplinary spectrum of theory and applications. It was clearly evident that, with the recent advances in space missions such as GRACE, geodesy can now contribute to the detection of large-scale temporal phenomena and hence to the solution of important problems of society related to monitoring our environment and understanding global change. Therefore, the title of this volume, "Observing our Changing Earth", was chosen to reflect this fact, as well as to agree with the general theme of the 2007 IUGG General Assembly, "Earth: Our Changing Planet". Contents......Page 8 Symposium GS001 Reference Frames......Page 17 Reference Systems, Reference Frames, and the Geodetic Datum – Basic Considerations......Page 18 Investigations into a Dynamic Geocentric Datum......Page 25 On the Strength of SLR Observations to Realize the Scale and Origin of the Terrestrial Reference System......Page 34 Impact of the Network Effect on the Origin and Scale: Case Study of Satellite Laser Ranging......Page 43 Satellite Laser Ranging Biases and Terrestrial Reference Frame Scale Factor......Page 50 Status of the European Reference Frame (EUREF)......Page 58 Reprocessing of a Regional GPS Network in Europe......Page 68 Latest Enhancements in the Brazilian Active Control Network......Page 76 Searching for the Optimal Relationships Between SIRGAS2000, South American Datum of 1969 and Córrego Alegre in Brazil......Page 82 The Permanent Tide in Height Systems......Page 91 Combined Adjustment of National Astro-Geodetic Network and National GPS2000 Geodetic Network......Page 98 Symposium GS002 Gravity Field......Page 106 Improved Resolution of a GRACE Gravity Field Model by Regional Refinements......Page 107 The Role of the Atmosphere for Satellite Gravity Field Missions......Page 113 Assessment of GPS-only Observables for Gravity Field Recovery from GRACE......Page 121 Detecting the Baltic Sea Level Surface with GPS-Measurements and Comparing it with the Local Geoid Model......Page 132 Strengthening the Vertical Reference in the Southern Baltic Sea by Airborne Gravimetry......Page 142 Downward Continuation of Airborne Gravimetry and Gradiometry Data Using Space Localizing Spline Functions......Page 149 The Earth's Gravity Field Components of the Differences Between Gravity Disturbances and Gravity Anomalies......Page 160 Research on the Calibration of Onboard Accelerometer by Dynamic Method......Page 165 Current Status of Gravity Measurements in the Republic of Croatia with the Fundamental Gravity Network Finalization Project......Page 172 The Development of the European Gravimetric Geoid Model EGG07......Page 180 An Attempt for an Amazon Geoid Model Using Helmert Gravity Anomaly......Page 189 Combination of Gravimetry, Altimetry and GOCE Data for Geoid Determination in the Mediterranean: Evaluation by Simulation......Page 197 An Attempt Towards an Optimum Combination of Gravity Field Wavelengths in Geoid Computation......Page 204 BVP, Global Models and Residual Terrain Correction......Page 211 Domain Transformation, Boundary Problems and Optimization Concepts in the Combination of Terrestrial and Satellite Gravity Field Data......Page 218 Numerical Solution of the Fixed Altimetry-Gravimetry BVP Using the Direct BEM Formulation......Page 228 On the Combination of Gravimetric Quasi-Geoids and GPS-Levelling Data......Page 236 An Alternative Approach for the Determination of Orthometric Heights Using a Circular-Arc Approximation for the Plumbline......Page 244 On Evaluation of the Mean Gravity Gradient Within the Topography......Page 252 Comparison of Techniques for the Computation of a Height Reference Surface from Gravity and GPS-Levelling Data......Page 261 The Inversion of Poisson's Integral in theWavelet Domain......Page 272 On the Principal Difficulties and Ways to Their Solution in the Theory of Gravitational Condensation of Infinitely Distributed Dust Substance......Page 279 Representation of Regional Gravity Fields by Radial Base Functions......Page 289 Precise Gravity Time Series and Instrumental Properties from Combination of Superconducting and Absolute Gravity Measurements......Page 296 On a Feasibility of Modeling Temporal Gravity Field Variations from Orbits of Non-dedicated Satellites......Page 302 EOF Analysis on the Variations of Continental Water Storage from GRACE in China......Page 309 Influence of Hydrology-Related Temporal Aliasing on the Quality of Monthly Models Derived from GRACE Satellite Gravimetric Data......Page 316 Image Super-Resolution via Filtered Scales Integral Reconstruction Applied to GOCE Geoid Data......Page 322 An Error Model for the GOCE Space-Wise Solution by Monte Carlo Methods......Page 330 Accuracy Analysis of External Reference Data for GOCE Evaluation in Space and Frequency Domain......Page 338 Gravity Field Determination at the AIUB – The Celestial Mechanics Approach......Page 346 Robust Trend Estimation from GOCE SGG Satellite Track Cross-Over Differences......Page 356 Reference Frame Consistency in CHAMP and GRACE Earth Gravity Models......Page 363 The Fast Analysis of the GOCE Gravity Field......Page 371 GRACE Application to the Receding Lake Victoria Water Level and Australian Drought......Page 378 Updated OCTAS Geoid in the Northern North Atlantic – OCTAS07......Page 388 New Combined Geoid Solution HGTUB2007 for Hungary......Page 395 Regional Astrogeodetic Validation of GPS/Levelling Data and Quasigeoid Models......Page 403 Insights into the Mexican Gravimetric Geoid (GGM05)......Page 411 An Improved Geoid in North Eastern Italy......Page 416 Towards a New Global Digital Elevation Model......Page 420 Symposium GS003 Earth Rotation and Geodynamics......Page 425 Contribution of Non-Tidal Oceanic Mass Variations to Polar Motion Determined from Space Geodesy and Ocean Data......Page 426 Simulation of Historic and Future Atmospheric Angular Momentum Effects on Length-of-day Variations with GCMs......Page 433 Contributions of Tidal Poisson Terms in the Theory of the Nutation of a Nonrigid Earth......Page 441 Consistency of Earth Rotation, Gravity, and Shape Measurements......Page 449 Current Estimation of the Earth’s Mechanical and Geometrical Parameters......Page 458 The Earth's Global Density Distribution and Gravitational Potential Energy......Page 467 Analysis of Geophysical Variations of the C[sub(20)] Coefficient of the Geopotential......Page 476 Analysis of Mass Variations in Northern Glacial Rebound Areas from GRACE Data......Page 484 Report of GGP Activities to Commission 3, Completing 10 Years for the Worldwide Network of Superconducting Gravimeters......Page 493 European Tidal Gravity Observations: Comparison with Earth Tide Models and Estimation of the Free Core Nutation (FCN) Parameters......Page 504 Physical Modelling to Remove Hydrological Effects at Local and Regional Scale: Application to the 100-m Hydrostatic Inclinometer in Sainte-Croix-aux-Mines (France)......Page 514 Monitoring Crustal Movement in the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau Using GPS Measurements from 1993 to 2002......Page 521 Impact of Local GNSS Permanent Networks in the Study of Geodynamics in Central Italy......Page 529 New Results Based on Reprocessing of 13 years Continuous GPS Observations of the Fennoscandia GIA Process from BIFROST......Page 536 Analysis of GPS Data from An Antarctic Ice Stream......Page 548 Dynamic Analysis of Crustal Movements Along the Dead-Sea Rift......Page 559 Symposium GS004 Positioning and Applications......Page 570 GPS-Based Monitoring of Surface Displacements in the Mud Volcano Area, Sidoarjo, East Java......Page 571 Differential and Precise Point Positioning in the South American Region with lonosphere Maps......Page 580 Current State of Precise Point Positioning and Future Prospects and Limitations......Page 589 Nonstationary Tropospheric Processes in Geodetic Precipitable Water Vapor Time Series......Page 598 Combination of Multiple Repeat Orbits of ENVISAT for Mining Deformation Monitoring......Page 604 An Investigation into Robust Estimation Applied to Correlated GPS Networks......Page 611 Geometry-Based TCAR Models and Performance Analysis......Page 617 Real-Time Kinematic OTF Positioning Using a Single GPS Receiver......Page 626 Concept of a Multi-Scale Monitoring and Evaluation System for Landslide Disaster Prediction......Page 640 Ionospheric Modelling in the North of Algeria......Page 649 Kinematic Precise Point Positioning During Marginal Satellite Availability......Page 660 Establishing a GNSS Receiver Antenna Calibration Field in the Framework of PROBRAL......Page 669 Trimble's RTK and DGPS Solutions in Comparison with Precise Point Positioning......Page 676 The Precision and Accuracy of Shanghai VRS Network......Page 686 Improving the Stochastic Model of GNSS Observations by Means of SNR-based Weighting......Page 691 Evaluating the Brazilian Vertical Datum Through Improved Coastal Satellite Altimetry Data......Page 701 Land Subsidence Monitoring in Australia and China using Satellite Interferometry......Page 708 Analysis on Temporal-Spatial Variations of Australian TEC......Page 716 Use of Global and Regional Ionosphere Maps for Single-Frequency Precise Point Positioning......Page 724 Quality Control for Building Industry by Means of a New Optical 3D Measurement and Analysis System......Page 735 New Solutions to Classical Geodetic Problems on the Ellipsoid......Page 744 GNSS Carrier Phase Ambiguity Resolution: Challenges and Open Problems......Page 748 Static Stress Change from the 8 November, 1997 Ms 7.9 Manyi, Tibet Earthquake as Inferred from InSAR Observation......Page 756 Application of Computer Algebra System to Geodesy......Page 765 Crustal Velocity Field Modelling with Neural Network and Polynomials......Page 771 Next-Generation Algorithms for Navigation, Geodesy and Earth Sciences Under Modernized Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS)......Page 779 Linear Combinations for Differential Radar Interferometry......Page 787 Symposium GS005 The Global Geodetic Observing System (GGOS)......Page 792 Recent Progress in the VLBI2010 Development......Page 793 The Contribution of GGP Superconducting Gravimeters to GGOS......Page 801 Combined Analysis of Earth Orientation Parameters and Gravity Field Coefficients for Mutual Validation......Page 813 E......Page 820 M......Page 821 W......Page 822 Z......Page 823 At the XXIV General Assembly of the International Union of Geodesy and Geophysics (IUGG), held July 2-13, 2007 in Perugia, Italy, the International As- ciation of Geodesy (IAG) also had its quadrennial General Assembly. The IAG - organized and contributed to several Union Symposia, as well as to Joint Symposia with other Associations. It also organized ve Symposia of its own, one dedicated to eachofitsfourCommissionsanda fthonededicatedtotheGlobalGeodeticObse- ing System (GGOS). This volume contains the proceedings of these ve Symposia, which are listed below: Symposium GS001: Reference Frames Convener: H. Drewes Co-convener: A. Dermanis Symposium GS002: Gravity Field Convener: C. Jekeli Co-conveners: U. Marti, S. Okubo, N. Sneeuw, I. Tziavos, G. Vergos, M. Vermeer, P. Visser Symposium GS003: Earth Rotation and Geodynamics Convener: V. Dehant Co-convener: Chengli Huang Symposium GS004: Positioning and Applications Convener: C. Rizos Co-convener: S. Verhagen Symposium GS005: The Global Geodetic Observing System (GGOS) Conveners: M. Rothacher Co-conveners: R. Neilan, H.-P. Plag The Symposia were organized based on the structure of the IAG (i. e., one per Commission) and covered the there pillars of geodesy, namely geometry, Earth ro- tion, and gravity eld, plus their applications. The inclusion of the Symposium on GGOS - which is no longer a project but a major component of the IAG - integrated all geodetic areas and highlighted the importance of multidisciplinarity in, and for, geodetic research "This volume contains a selection of 99 papers from the International Association of Geodesy (IAG) quadrennial General Assembly, held in Perugia, Italy, from July 2 to 13, 2007, in conjunction with the XXIV General Assembly of the International Union of Geodesy and Geophysics (IUGG). There were 225 oral and 474 poster presentations made at the five IAG Symposia, which covered the following research themes: Reference Frames; Gravity Field; Earth Rotation and Geodynamics; Positioning and Application; and The Global Geodetic Observing System (GGOS)." "The Symposia focused on Earth observation and the three pillars of geodesy (geometry, Earth rotation, gravity field), and the presented topics spanned a broad and multidisciplinary spectrum of theory and applications. It was clearly evident that, with the recent advances in space missions such as GRACE, geodesy can now contribute to the detection of large-scale temporal phenomena and hence, to the solution of important problems of society related to monitoring our environment and understanding global change. Therefore, the title of this volume, "Observing our Changing Earth", was chosen to reflect this fact, as well as to agree with the general theme of the 2007 IUGG General Assembly, "Earth: Our Changing Planet"."--Jacket.