Nutritional bioavailability of zinc : based on a symposium sponsored by the ACS Division of Agricultural and Food Chemistry at the 183rd meeting of the American Chemical Society, Las Vegas, Nevada, March 28-April 2, 1982

Content: Experimental zinc deficiency in humans : an overview of original studies / Ananda S. Prasad -- Trends in levels of zinc in the U.S. food supply, 1909-1981 / Susan O. Welsh and Ruth M. Marston -- Assessment of the bioavailability of dietary zinc in humans using the stable isotopes 70Zn and 67Zn / Judith R. Turnlund and Janet C. King -- Stable isotope approaches for measurement of dietary zinc availability in humans / Morteza Janghorbani, Nawfal W. Istfan, and Vernon R. Young -- Zinc absorption in humans : effects of age, sex, and food / R.L. Aamodt, W.F. Rumble, and Robert I. Henkin -- A redefinition of zinc deficiency / Robert I. Henkin and Roger L. Aamodt -- Utilization of zinc by humans / S.J. Ritchey and L. Janette Taper -- Zinc bioavailability from vegetarian diets : influence of dietary fiber, ascorbic acid, and past dietary practices / C. Kies, E. Young, and L. McEndree -- Effect of fiber and oxalic acid on zinc balance of adult humans / June L. Kelsay -- The role of phytate in zinc bioavailability and homeostasis / D. Oberleas -- Dietary phytate/zinc molar ratio and zinc balance in humans / Eugene R. Morris and Rex Ellis -- Zinc bioavailability from processed soybean products / John W. Erdman, Jr., Richard M. Forbes, and Hiromichi Kondo -- Zinc bioavailability from cereal-based foods / G.S. Ranhotra and J.A. Gelroth -- Zinc bioavailability in infant formulas and cereals / B.G. Shah and B. Belonje -- Zinc absorption from composite meals / Wenche Frølich and Brittmarie Sandstrøm -- Zinc balances in humans during different intakes of calcium and phosphorus / Herta Spencer, Lois Kramer, and Dace Osis -- Zinc transport by isolated, vascularly perfused rat intestine and intestinal brush border vesicles / Michael P. Menard, Paul Oestreicher, and Robert J. Cousins -- Competitive mineral-mineral interaction in the intestine : implications for zinc absorption in humans / Noel W. Solomons. Title Page......Page 1 Copyright......Page 2 ACS Symposium Series......Page 3 FOREWORD......Page 4 PdftkEmptyString......Page 0 PREFACE......Page 5 1 Experimental Zinc Deficiency in Humans An Overview of Original Studies......Page 7 Methods and Results......Page 8 Discussion......Page 16 Literature Cited......Page 19 2 Trends in Levels of Zinc in the U.S. Food Supply, 1909-1981......Page 21 Methods......Page 23 Results......Page 24 Discussion......Page 34 Literature Cited......Page 35 3 Assessment of the Bioavailability of Dietary Zinc in Humans Using the Stable Isotopes 70Zn and 67Zn......Page 37 Approaches to determining zinc bioavailabilty in man.......Page 38 Stable isotopes for research in man......Page 41 Zinc absorption studies......Page 44 Literature Cited......Page 46 4 Stable Isotope Approaches for Measurement of Dietary Zinc Availability in Humans......Page 47 Some Concepts and Analytical Considerations......Page 50 Methodological Issues......Page 54 Some Applications......Page 61 Conclusions......Page 63 Acknowledgements......Page 64 Literature Cited......Page 65 5 Zinc Absorption in Humans Effects of Age, Sex, and Food......Page 66 ABSORPTION......Page 73 STUDIES OF ABSORPTION BY NORMAL SUBJECTS......Page 76 SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS......Page 83 Literature Cited......Page 85 6 A Redefinition of Zinc Deficiency......Page 88 Clinical Definitions of Zinc Deficiency Syndromes......Page 90 Critical Questions of Zinc Deficiency......Page 98 Summary and Conclusions......Page 105 Literature Cited......Page 107 7 Utilization of Zinc by Humans......Page 111 Dietary Protein and Zinc......Page 112 Oral Contraceptive Use and Pregnancy in Adult Women......Page 114 Losses of Zinc......Page 115 Summary......Page 116 Literature Cited......Page 118 8 Zinc Bioavailability from Vegetarian Diets Influence of Dietary Fiber, Ascorbic Acid, and Past Dietary Practices......Page 119 Zinc Nutritional Status of Vegetarians......Page 121 Comparative Zinc Utilization by Vegetarians and Omnivores......Page 123 Effect of Dietary Fiber on Zinc Utilization by Vegetarians and Omnivores......Page 125 Influence of Ascorbic Acid Supplementation on Zinc Utilization by Vegetarians and Omnivores......Page 126 Literature Cited......Page 129 9 Effect of Fiber and Oxalic Acid on Zinc Balance of Adult Humans......Page 131 Experiments......Page 132 Discussion and Conclusions......Page 141 Literature Cited......Page 146 10 The Role of Phytate in Zinc Bioavailability and Homeostasis......Page 148 Chemical Relationships......Page 152 Homeostatic Fluxes of Zinc......Page 156 Potential Population Hazards......Page 157 Literature Cited......Page 159 11 Dietary Phytate/Zinc Molar Ratio and Zinc Balance in Humans......Page 162 Balance Study I......Page 163 Results......Page 165 Analysis of Hospital and Self-Chosen Diets......Page 170 Metabolic Balance Study II......Page 172 Acknowledgment......Page 173 Literature Cited......Page 174 12 Zinc Bioavailability from Processed Soybean Products......Page 176 Methods......Page 177 Results and Discussion......Page 178 Literature Cited......Page 185 Zinc content.......Page 187 Zinc fortification sources.......Page 188 Effect of phytates.......Page 189 Effect of fiber.......Page 193 Effect of certain micronutrients.......Page 195 Literature Cited......Page 196 14 Zinc Bioavailability in Infant Formulas and Cereals......Page 198 Application Of The Bioassay To Infant Formulas......Page 199 Application Of The Bioassay To Infant Cereals And Breakfast Cereal......Page 202 Supplementation Of Infant Cereal With Zinc......Page 204 Phytate, Fibre And Zinc Bioavailability......Page 205 Fibre Components And Zinc Bioavailability......Page 206 Modification Of The Bioassay......Page 207 Literature Cited......Page 210 15 Zinc Absorption from Composite Meals......Page 212 Absοrρtion measurment......Page 214 Experimental design......Page 215 Chemical methods......Page 216 Results and discussion......Page 217 Conclusion......Page 219 Literature Cited......Page 221 16 Zinc Balances in Humans During Different Intakes of Calcium and Phosphorus......Page 223 Effect of Calcum on the Zinc Balance......Page 225 Effect of Phosphorus on the Zinc Balance......Page 227 Literature Cited......Page 231 17 Zinc Transport by Isolated, Vascularly Perfused Rat Intestine and Intestinal Brush Border Vesicles......Page 233 Acknowledgments......Page 244 Literature Cited......Page 245 18 Competitive Mineral—Mineral Interaction in the Intestine Implications for Zinc Absorption in Humans......Page 247 Biological Interactions of Chemically Similar Minerals......Page 248 Mechanistic Possibilities for Intestinal Interations......Page 249 Intracellular Interactions......Page 251 Copper:Zinc Interactions......Page 253 Iron Zinc:Interaction......Page 257 Implications for Human Nutrition.......Page 259 Tin:Zinc Interaction......Page 265 Implications for Human Nutrition......Page 267 Magnesium:Zinc Interaction......Page 268 Literature Cited......Page 269 Abstract: Research findings in 18 areas concerning various aspects of zinc (Zn) bioavailability from various foods, deficiency, and its interactions with other nutrients, are reported for nutritionists and food chemists. Several areas discuss the influence of various factors (age, sex, dietary nutrients) on Zn absorption and their effects on bioavailability. Other areas address Zn absorption and bioavailability from vegetarian diets, processed soybean products, cereal-based foods, and infant formulas. Methods on Zn bioavailability assessment cover: human metabolic balance studies, radioisotope and stable isotope techniques, circulating Zn response, and perfusion techniques. Mammalian gastrointestinal absorption is evaluated in 2 areas: Zn transport by isolated, vascularly-perfused rat intestine and intestinal brush border vehicles; and competitive mineral-mineral intestinal interactions. (wz)