Nutrition in Sport : Olympic Encyclopaedia of Sports Medicine

As Sports Have Become More Competitive Over Recent Years Researchers And Trainers Have Been Searching For New And Innovative Ways Of Improving Performance. Ironically, An Area As Mundane As What An Athlete Eats Can Have Profound Effects On Fitness, Health And Ultimately, Performance In Competition. Sports Have Also Gained Widespread Acceptance In The Therapeutic Management Of Athletes With Disorders Associated With Nutritional Status. In Addition, Exercise Has Been One Of The Tools Used For Studying The Control Of Metabolism, Creating A Wealth Of Scientific Information That Needs To Be Placed In The Context Of Sports Medicine And Science. Nutrition In Sport Provides An Exhaustive Review Of The Biochemistry And Physiology Of Eating. The Text Is Divided Into Three Sections And Commences With A Discussion Of The Essential Elements Of Diet, Including Sections On Carbohydrates, Proteins, Fats, Vitamins And Trace Elements, And Drugs Associated With Nutrition. It Also Discusses Athletes Requiring Special Consideration, Including Vegetarians And Diabetics. The Second Section Considers The Practical Aspects Of Sports Nutrition And Discusses Weight Control (essential For Sports With Weight Categories And Athletes With Eating Disorders), The Travelling Athlete (where Travel Either Disrupts Established Feeding Patterns Or Introduces New Hazards), Environmental Aspects Of Nutrition (including Altitude And Heat), And The Role Of Sports Nutritional Products. Part 1. Nutrition And Exercise -- Basic Exercise Physiology / H.g. Knuttgen -- Biochemistry Of Exercise / M. Gleeson -- Exercise, Nutrition And Health / A.e. Hardman -- Energy Costs Of Exercise And Sport / H.j. Montoye -- Dietary Carbohydrates / L.m. Burke -- Carbohydrate Metabolism In Exercise / E. Hultman And P.l. Greenhaff -- Optimization Of Glycogen Stores / J.l. Ivy -- Carbohydrate Replacement During Exercise / M. Hargreaves -- Amino Acid Metabolism In Exercise / A.j.m. Wagenmakers -- Effects Of Exercise On Protein Metabolism / P.w.r. Lemon -- Amino Acids, Fatigue And Immunodepression In Exercise / E.a. Newsholme And L.m. Castell -- Nutrition, Neurotransmitters And Central Nervous System Fatigue / J.m. Davis -- Fat Metabolism During Exercise / J.a. Hawley, A.e. Jeukendrup And F. Brouns -- Adaptations To A High Fat Diet / B. Kiens And J.w. Helge -- Temperature Regulation And Fluid And Electrolyte Balance / R.j. Maughan And E.r. Nadel --^ Effects Of Dehydration And Rehydration On Performance / M.n. Sawka, W.a. Latzka And S.j. Montain -- Water And Electrolyte Loss And Replacement In Exercise / R.j. Maughan -- Gastrointestinal Function And Exercise / N.j. Rehrer And D.f. Gerrard -- Rehydration And Recovery After Exercise / S.m. Shirreffs -- Vitamins : Metabolic Functions / M. Fogelholm -- Vitamins : Effects Of Exercise On Requirements / J. Chen -- Exercise-induced Oxidative Stress And Antioxidant Nutrients / C.k. Sen, S. Roy And L. Packer -- Minerals : Calcium / K.p. Aulin -- Minerals : Iron / E.r. Eichner -- Trace Minerals / P.m. Clarkson -- Nutritional Ergogenic Aids / M.h. Williams And B.c. Leutholtz -- Creatine / P.l. Greenhaff -- Caffeine / L.l. Spriet And R.a. Howlett -- Bicarbonate And Citrate / L.r. Mcnaughton -- Alcohol In Sport / L.m. Burke And R.j. Maughan -- Part 2. Special Considerations -- The Female Athlete /k.a. Gabel -- The Young Athlete / V.b. Unnithan And A.d.g. Baxter-jones --^ The Vegetarian Athlete / J.r. Berning -- The Diabetic Athlete / J. Jensen And B. Leighton -- Part 3. Practical Issues -- The Overweight Athlete / M.m. Manore -- The Travelling Athlete / A.c. Grandjean And J.s. Ruud -- Overtraining : Nutritional Intervention / H. Kuipers -- Exercise At Climatic Extremes / M.a. Febbraio -- Eating Disorders In Athletes / J. Sundgot-borgen -- Sports Nutrition Products / R. Murray -- Part 4. Sport-specific Nutrition -- Sprinting /c.w. Nicholas -- Distance Running / J.a. Hawley, E.-j. Schabort And T.d. Noakes -- Cycling / A.e. Jeukendrup -- Team Sports / J. Bangsbo -- Gymnastics / D. Benardot -- Swimming / R.l. Sharp -- Weightlifting And Power Events / V.a. Rogozkin -- Racquet Sports / M. Hargreaves -- Weight Category Sports / J.h. Wilmore -- Skating / A.c. Snyder And C. Foster -- Cross-country Skiing / B. Ekblom And U. Bergh. Edited By Ron J. Maughan. An Ioc Medical Commission Publication In Collaboration With The International Federation Of Sports Medicine. Includes Bibliographical References And Indexes. NUTRITION IN SPORT......Page 1 Contents......Page 7 List of Contributors......Page 11 Forewords......Page 15 Preface......Page 17 Part 1:Nutrition and Exercise......Page 19 1 Basic Exercise Physiology......Page 21 2 Biochemistry of Exercise......Page 35 3 Exercise,Nutrition and Health......Page 57 4 Energy Costs of Exercise and Sport......Page 71 5 Dietary Carbohydrates......Page 91 6 Carbohydrate Metabolism in Exercise......Page 103 7 Optimization of Glycogen Stores......Page 115 8 Carbohydrate Replacement during Exercise......Page 130 9 Amino Acid Metabolism in Exercise......Page 137 10 Effects of Exercise on Protein Metabolism......Page 151 11 Amino Acids,Fatigue and Immunodepression in Exercise......Page 171 12 Nutrition,Neurotransmitters and Central Nervous System Fatigue......Page 189 13 Fat Metabolism during Exercise......Page 202 14 Adaptations to a High Fat Diet......Page 210 15 Temperature Regulation and Fluid and Electrolyte Balance......Page 221 16 Effects of Dehydration and Rehydration on Performance......Page 234 17 Water and Electrolyte Loss and Replacement in Exercise......Page 244 18 Gastrointestinal Function and Exercise......Page 259 19 Rehydration and Recovery after Exercise......Page 274 20 Vitamins:Metabolic Functions......Page 284 21 Vitamins:Effects of Exercise on Requirements......Page 299 22 Exercise-induced Oxidative Stress and Antioxidant Nutrients......Page 310 23 Minerals:Calcium......Page 336 24 Minerals:Iron......Page 344 25 Trace Minerals......Page 357 26 Nutritional Ergogenic Aids......Page 374 27 Creatine......Page 385 28 Caffeine......Page 397 29 Bicarbonate and Citrate......Page 411 30 Alcohol in Sport......Page 423 Part 2:Special Considerations......Page 433 31 The Female Athlete......Page 435 32 The Young Athlete......Page 447 33 The Vegetarian Athlete......Page 460 34 The Diabetic Athlete......Page 475 Part 3:Practical Issues......Page 485 35 The Overweight Athlete......Page 487 36 The Travelling Athlete......Page 502 37 Overtraining:Nutritional Intervention......Page 510 38 Exercise at Climatic Extremes......Page 515 39 Eating Disorders in Athletes......Page 528 40 Sports Nutrition Products......Page 541 Part 4:Sport-speci .c Nutrition......Page 551 41 Sprinting......Page 553 42 Distance Running......Page 568 43 Cycling......Page 580 44 Team Sports......Page 592 45 Gymnastics......Page 606 46 Swimming......Page 627 47 Weightlifting and Power Events......Page 639 48 Racquet Sports......Page 650 49 Weight Category Sports......Page 655 50 Skating......Page 664 51 Cross-country Skiing......Page 674 Index......Page 681 Providing an exhaustive review of the biochemistry and physiology of eating, "Nutrition in Sport" presents the most comprehensive coverage available regarding the relationship of nutrients to the performance of physical exercise and to success in competitive sport. 352 illus.