Nucleotides and their Receptors in the Nervous System (Volume 120) (Progress in Brain Research, Volume 120)

The study of purinergic mechanisms has for long been focused on the actions of the nucleoside adenosine, whereby the contribution of nucleotides to the signaling systems has been underestimated. Based on the proceedings of a IUPHAR Satellite Conference held in Leipzig, Germany, this book offers a comprehensive update and overview of nucleotide release, the structure and function of nucleotide receptors, nucleotide-metabolizing ecto-enzymes as well as the physiological functions of nucleotides in the nervous system. The physiology and molecular biology of receptors for ATP and other nucleotides are examined, as are the physiology and molecular biology of enzymes that hydrolyze extracellular nucleotides. At present, a pharmacology of the nucleotide signaling system is being developed. Of particular interest is the production of receptor subtype-specific antagonists and of drugs that selectively affect the extracellular lifetime of the nucleotide. An excellent source of reference for institutes of pharmacology, biochemistry, neurology, zoology, and physiology, and for the pharmaceutical industry. Content: Edited by Page iii Copyright page Page iv List of Contributors Pages v-x Preface Pages xi-xii Peter Illes, Herbert Zimmermann Chapter 1 Current status of purinergic signalling in the nervous system Original Research Article Pages 3-10 Geoffrey Burnstock Chapter 2 Modulation of purinergic neurotransmission Original Research Article Pages 11-20 P. Sneddon, T.D. Westfall, L.D. Todorov, S. Mihaylova-Todorova, D.P. Westfall, C. Kennedy Chapter 3 Molecular biology of P2Y receptors expressed in the nervous system Original Research Article Pages 23-31 T.E. Webb, E.A. Barnard Chapter 4 P2Y receptors in the nervous system: Molecular studies of a P2Y 2 receptor subtype from NG108–15 neuroblastoma x glioma hybrid cells Original Research Article Pages 33-43 Gary A. Weisman, Richard C. Garrad, Laurie J. Erb, Cynthia Santos-Berrios, Fernando A. Gonzalez Chapter 5 Nucleotide radiolabels as tools for studying P2Y receptors in membranes from brain and lung tissue Original Research Article Pages 45-58 Georg Reiser, Werner Laubinger, Rainer SchäUfer Chapter 6 Evolving view of quaternary structures of ligand-gated ion channels Original Research Article Pages 61-80 Annette Nicke, Jürgen Rettinger, Cora Büttner, Annette Eichele, Günter Lambrech, Günther Schmalzing Chapter 7 Cloning, functional characterization and developmental expression of a P2X receptor from chick embryo Original Research Article Pages 81-90 Anja Ruppelt, Bruce T. Liang, Florentina Soto Chapter 8 Developments in P2 receptor targeted therapeutics Original Research Article Pages 93-106 Michael Williams Chapter 9 Novel ligands for P2 receptor subtypes in innervated tissues Original Research Article Pages 107-117 Günter Lambrecht, Susanne Damer, Beate Niebel, Sittah Czeche, Peter Nickel, Jürgen Rettinger, Günther Schmalzing, Ernst Mutschler Chapter 10 Molecular recognition in P2 receptors: Ligand development aided by molecular modeling and mutagenesis Original Research Article Pages 119-132 Kenneth A. Jacobson, Carsten Hoffmann, Yong-Chul Kim, Emidio Camaioni, Erathodiyil Nandanan, Soo Yeon Jang, Dan–Ping Guo, Xiao-duo Ji, Ivar von Kügelgen, Stefano Moro, Airat U. Ziganshin, Alexei Rychkov, Brian F. King, Sean G. Brown, Scott S. Wildman, Geoffrey Burnstock, Jose L. Boyer, Arvind Mohanram, T. Kendall Harden Chapter 11 Release of ATP and UTP from astrocytoma cells Original Research Article Pages 135-143 T. Kendall Harden, Eduardo R. Lazarowski Chapter 12 Quantal ATP release from motor nerve endings and its role in neurally mediated depression Original Research Article Pages 145-158 E.M. Silinsky, J.K. Hirsh, T.J. Searl, R.S. Redman, M. Watanabe Chapter 13 Receptor- and carrier-mediated release of ATP of postsynaptic origin: Cascade transmission Original Research Article Pages 159-169 E. Sylvester Vizi, Beáta Sperlágh Chapter 14 P2-receptors controlling neurotransmitter release from postganglionic sympathetic neurones Original Research Article Pages 173-182 Ivar von Kügelgen, Wolfgang Nörenberg, Helga Koch, Angelika Meyer, Peter Illes, Klaus Starke Chapter 15 Adenine nucleotides as inhibitors of synaptic transmission: Role of localised ectonucleotidases Original Research Article Pages 183-192 Ana M. Sebastiāo, Rodrigo A. Cunha, J. Francisco Cascalheira, J. Alexandre Ribeiro Chapter 16 The functions of ATP receptors in the synaptic transmission in the hippocampus Original Research Article Pages 193-206 Kazuhide Inoue, Schuichi Koizumi, Shinya Ueno, Aya Kita, Makoto Tsuda Chapter 17 Electrophysiological analysis of P2-receptor mechanisms in rat sympathetic neurones Original Research Article Pages 209-221 Wolfgang Nörenberg, Ivar von Kügelgen, Angelika Meyer, Peter Illes Chapter 18 P2 receptor-mediated activation of noradrenergic and dopaminergic neurons in the rat brain Original Research Article Pages 223-235 Holger Kittner, Ute Krügel, Wolfgang Poelchen, Dirk Sieler, Robert Reinhardt, Ivar von Kügelgen, Peter Illes Chapter 19 ATP receptor-mediated component of the excitatory synaptic transmission in the hippocampus Original Research Article Pages 237-249 Yuri Pankratov, Ulyana Lalo, Enrique Castro, Maria Teresa Miras-Portugal, Oleg Krishtal Chapter 20 Nucleotide and dinucleotide effects on rates of paroxysmal depolarising bursts in rat hippocampus Original Research Article Pages 251-262 Fiona M. Ross, Martin J. Brodie, Trevor W. Stone Chapter 21 The function of A 2 adenosine receptors in the mammalian brain: Evidence for inhibition vs. enhancement of voltage gated calcium channels and neurotransmitter release Original Research Article Pages 265-273 Frances A. Edwards, Susan J. Robertson Chapter 22 An adenosine A 3 receptor-selective agonist does not modulate calcium-activated potassium currents in hippocampal CA1 pyramidal neurons Original Research Article Pages 275-285 Thomas V. Dunwiddie, Kenneth A. Jacobson, Lihong Diao Chapter 22 Brain hypoxia: Effects of ATP and adenosine Original Research Article Pages 287-297 K. Nieber, D. Eschke, A. Brand Chapter 24 Adenosine and P2 receptors in PC12 cells. Genotypic, phenotypic and individual differences Original Research Article Pages 301-310 Giulia Arslan, Bertil B. Fredholm Chapter 25 Nucleotide receptor signalling in spinal cord astrocytes: Findings and functional implications Original Research Article Pages 311-322 Conor J. Gallagher, Michael W. Salter Chapter 26 Trophic signaling pathways activated by purinergic receptors in rat and human astroglia Original Research Article Pages 323-332 Joseph T. Neary, Micheline McCarthy, Ann Cornell-Bell, Yuan Kang Chapter 27 Signalling mechanisms involved in P2Y receptor-mediated reactive astrogliosis Original Research Article Pages 333-342 Maria P. Abbracchio, Roberta Brambilla, Stefania Ceruti, Flaminio Cattabeni Chapter 28 Purinoceptors in human B-lymphocytes Original Research Article Pages 345-353 F. Markwardt, M. Klapperstück, M. Löhn, D. Riemann, C. Büttner, G. Schmalzing Chapter 29 The P2Z/P2X 7 receptor of microglial cells: A novel immunomodulatory receptor Original Research Article Pages 355-368 Francesco Di Virgilio, Juana M. Sanz, Paola Chiozzi, Simonetta Falzoni Chapter 30 Ecto-nucleotidases—molecular structures, catalytic properties, and functional roles in the nervous system Original Research Article Pages 371-385 Herbert Zimmermann, Norbert Braun Chapter 31 Immunolocalization of ATP diphosphohydrolase in pig and mouse brains, and sensory organs of the mouse Original Research Article Pages 387-395 A.R. Beaudoin, G. Grondin, F.-P. Gendron Chapter 32 Diadenosine polyphosphates, extracellular function and catabolism Original Research Article Pages 397-409 M. Teresa Miras-Portugal, Javier Gualix, Jesús Mateo, Miguel Díaz-Hernández, Rosa Gómez-Villafuertes, Enrique Castro, Jesús Pintor Chapter 33 Ecto-protein kinases as mediators for the action of secreted ATP in the brain Original Research Article Pages 411-426 Yigal H. Ehrlich, Elizabeth Kornecki Subject Index Pages 427-432 Neurothophins And Receptors -- Axonal Transport Of The Trka High-affinity Ngf Receptor -- Nerve Growth Factor And Neuronal Gene Expression -- Receptor Mediated Retrograde Axonal Transport Of Neurotrophic Factos Is Increased After Peripheral Nerve Injury -- Target Derived And Putative Local Actions Of Neurotrophins In The Peripheral Nervous System -- Distribution Of Acidic And Basic Fibroblast Growth Factors In The Mature, Injured And Developing Rat Nervous System -- Axonal Outgrowth And Pathfinding. Regulation Of Events Within The Growth Cone By Extracellular Cues: Tyrosine Phosphorylation -- Regulation Of Growth Cone Motility By Substratum Bound Molecules And Cytoplasmic [ca2] -- Contributions Of Multiple Forms Of Myosin To Nerve Outgrowth -- Hierarchical Guidance Cues And Selective Axon Pathway Formation -- Calcium And Gene Expression -- Regulation Of Neurite Outgrowth And Immediate Early Gene Expression By Patterned Electrical Stimulation -- Nuclear Calcium Elevation May Initiate Neurite Outgrowth In Mammalian Neurons. Expression Of C-jun And Jund Transcription Factors Represent Specific Changes In Neuronal Gene Expression Following Axotomy -- Models Of Spinal Cord Regeneration -- Functional Regeneration And Restoration Of Locomotor Activity Following Spinal Cord Transection In The Lamprey -- Spinal Cord Regeneration In Adult Goldfish: Implications For Functional Recovery In Veterbrates -- Lizard Spinal Cord: A Model System For The Study Of Spinal Cord Injury And Repair -- Permissive And Restrictive Periods For Brainstem-spinal Regeneration In The Chick. Repair Of Connections In Injured Neonatal And Embryonic Spinal Cord In Vitro -- Response Of Rubrospinal And Corticospinal Neurons To Injury And Neurotrophins -- Cross-talk Between Nervous And Immune Systems In Response To Injury -- Neurotrophins: Signals Between The Nervous And Immune Systems -- Class I And Ii Mhc Expression And Its Implications For Regeneration In The Nervous System -- Neurotransmitters And Cytokines In Cns Pathology -- Cytokines And Cytokine-related Substances Regulating Glial Cell Response To Injury Of The Central Nervous System. Immune Promotion Of Central Nervous System Remyelination -- Nitric Oxide In The Central Nervous System -- Nitric Oxide: Cellular Regulation And Neuronal Injury -- Reactions Of Nitric Oxide, Superoxide And Peroxynitrite With Superoxide Dismutase In Neurodegeneration -- Role Of Free Radicals In Nmda-dependent Neurotoxicity -- Regulation By Neuroprotective Factors Of Nmda Receptor Mediated Nitric Oxide Synthesis In The Brain And Retina. Edited By Fredrick J. Seil. Proceedings Of The 5th International Symposium On Neural Regeneration, Held In Pacific Grove, California, Dec. 8-12, 1993. Includes Bibliographical References And Index. This hundredth volume is a commemorative milestone in the prestigeous Progress in Brain Research series. Accordingly, authors were invited to write on any topic, given that their choice represented the topic most near and dear to their own efforts over a significant period of the recent past, and to which they would likely continue to be devoted in the future.

In that sense, this volume does not represent a scientific meeting, but rather an overview sample of problems and methodologies that epitomize brain research broadly at this special moment in the maturation of the field.

The chapters comprising this volume assort themselves readily into five or six established categories of topics: developmental brain research, molecular brain research, integrative brain research, neuroplasticity, and neuro-psychiatric conditions.

This volume reports through a sample of recognized leaders in the neuroscientific community at a significant instant in the history and evolution of the field. This hundredth volume is a commemorative milestone in the prestigious Progress in Brain Research series. Accordingly, authors were invited to write on any topic, given that their choice represented the topic most near and dear to their own efforts over a significant period of the recent past, and to which they would likely continue to be devoted in the future. In that sense, this volume does not represent a scientific meeting, but rather an overview sample of problems and methodologies that epitomize brain research broadly at this special moment in the maturation of the field. The chapters comprising this volume assort themselves readily into five or six established categories of topics: developmental brain research, molecular brain research, integrative brain research, neuroplasticity, and neuro-psychiatric conditions. This volume reports through a sample of recognized leaders in the neuroscientific community at a significant instant in the history and evolution of the field This is the first book devoted exclusively to examining the role of neuropeptides in the spinal cord. Great progress has been made recently in our understanding of the role of neuropeptides in neurotransmission. New tools have been developed to help study the function of endogenous neuropeptides in health and disease. Because the general organization of the spinal cord is well conserved among species and neuropeptides appear to have a major role in spinal neurotransmission, this book is a timely compendium of recent research in this field. The volume will help to stimulate further research in the field of neuropeptides which will lead to better understanding of this role in health and disease. This book focuses on the role of gangliosides in three areas of medicine in which rapid progress has been made in the last decade: cancer, peripheral neuropathies and Alzheimer's disease. The volume further reflects progress in the pathogenesis of peripheral neuropathies, and the controversial role of gangliosides, also in therapeutic administration. There is a section on the role of gangliosides in neuronal differentiation and development and their receptor functions and cell surface activities. This excellent addition to the renowned Progress in Brain Research series also contains an invaluable plenary lecture on molecular basis of cell adhesion by Nobel prizewinner Gerald Edelman. This book concentrates on the organizational level of neurons and neuronal networks under the unifying theme "The Self-Organizing Brain - From Growth Cones to Functional Networks". Such a theme is attractive because it incorporates all phases in the emergence of complexity and (adaptive) organization, as well as involving processes that remain operative in the mature state.

The order of the sections follows successive levels of organization from neuronal growth cones, neurite formation, neuronal morphology and signal processing to network development, network dynamics and, finally, to the formation of functional circuits. Presents an overview sample of problems and methodologies that epitomize brain research in the maturation of the field. This volume covers chapters that are divided into five or six categories of topics: developmental brain research, molecular brain research, integrative brain research, neuroplasticity, and neuro-psychiatric conditions. Drury and Szent-Gyorgyi demonstrated way back in 1929 the potent extracellular actions of ATP and, in the 1950s, Pamela Holton presented the first hint of a transmitter role for ATP in the nervous system by demonstrating release of ATP during antidromic stimulation of sensory nerves (Holton, 1959). Presents papers reporting theoretical persepctives and areas of research into the problems existing in the area of gender and computing in the 1990s. Topics discussed include information technology, education and feminist theoretical perspectives on power, knowledge and technology. This volume covers neurotrophins and receptors, calcium, expression and nitric oxide in the central nervous system. It reflects important advances in neural regeneration research, such as characterization of the complex family of the neurotrophins and their receptors.