Nuclear Structure Physics: Proceedings of the Minerva Symposium on Physics held at the Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, April 2–5, 1973 (Lecture Notes in Physics, 23)

Landau's concept of quasiparticles is used to discuss certain singleparticle properties of nuclei, and to relate experimental removal energies with calculated single-particle energies. The importance of single-particle motion in nuclei is stressed. ## i. INTRODUCTION In contrast to the other lectures presented in this volume, the present talk was addressed to a wide audience consisting of all participants in the Minerva Symposium, i.e. geophysicists, nuclear and particle physicists. It therefore was attempted to give a global review of single-particle properties of nuclei inasmuch as these give rise to quasiparticle behaviour. Landau's concept of the quasiparticle, basic for the entire review~ is introduced in sect. 2. Evidence for quasiparticle behaviour in nuclei is presented in sects. 3 and 4. The theoretical concepts relating to quasiparticles are described in sect. 5, their interpretation and some recent numerical results are given in sect. 6. The importance of singleparticle motion for other branches of nuclear physics is stressed in sect. 7. ## 1-3 2. REMINDER OF LANDAU's THEORY OF FERMI LIQUIDS Landau assumed that for sufficiently small excitation energies, the spectrum .of an infinitely extended gas of interacting Fermi particles can be described in terms of excitations of quasiparticles, i.e. particles (or holes) with their associated polarization clouds. For sufficiently small excitation energy of the system, the density of quasiparticles is so small that they move independently. They can then be characterized by a momentum ~k, and an effective mass m . Many thermodynamic properties of solids observed at low temperatures can be accounted Single particle properties of nuclei....Pages 1-15 Single-nucleon removal energies....Pages 16-57 Effective interactions in nuclei....Pages 58-73 Proton, gamma angular correlations near analogue resonances in the mass 90 region....Pages 74-85 Analogue resonances — some aspects of reaction mechanism and spectroscopy revisited....Pages 86-104 The shape of the fission barrier....Pages 105-128 Common aspects in fission and heavy ion reactions....Pages 129-147 Determination of nuclear deformations from inelastic scattering of heavy ions near the Coulomb barrier....Pages 148-177 Hyperfine interactions in highly ionized atoms....Pages 178-196 Measurements of electric quadrupole moments by the pac-technique....Pages 197-217 Stopping power effects in nuclear lifetime measurements....Pages 218-235 Status of the Darmstadt project....Pages 236-253 The new accelerator facility in rehovot....Pages 254-266 Some new developments in direct reactions induced by heavy ions....Pages 267-294