Nuclear Receptors: Current Concepts and Future Challenges (Proteins and Cell Regulation Book 8)

In 1890 a case of myxedema was treated in Lisbon by the implantation of a sheep thyroid gland with the immediate improvement in the patient’s condition. A few years later, medications for the then ill-explained condition of the menopause included tablets made from cow ovaries. In the first quarter of the 20th century the identification of vitamin D, and its sunlight driven production in skin, paved the way to the elimination of rickets as a major medical problem. Twenty years or so later, Sir Vincent Wigglesworth established the endocrine basis of developmental moulting in insects, arguably the most commonly performed animal behaviour on Planet Earth. A paradigm that would unify these disparate observations arose between 1985 and 1987 beginning with the identification of the glucocorticoid receptor and the nuclear receptor super-family. What follows is a timely and positive manifestation of the capacity, productivity and value of international human scientific endeavour. Based on intrigue, lively competition and cooperation a global effort has rapidly fostered a school of biology with widespread ramifications for the understanding of metazoan animals, the human condition and the state of the planet. This book is the first this century to try and capture the spirit of this endeavour, to depict where the field is now and to identify some of the challenges and opportunities for the future. 'In 1980 a case of myxedema was treated in Lisbon by the implantation of a sheep thyroid gland with the immediate improvement in the patients condition. A few years later, medications for the then ill-explained condition of the menopause included tablets made from cow ovaries. In the first quarter of the 20th century the identification vitamin D3 and its sunlight driven production in skin paved the way to the elimination of rickets as a major medical problem. Twenty years or so later Sir Vincent Wigglesworth established the endocrine basis of developmental moulting in insects, arguably the most commonly performed animal behaviour on Planet Earth. A paradigm that would unify these disparate observations arose between in 1985 and 1987 beginning with the identification of the glucocorticoid receptor and the nuclear receptor super-family. What follows is a timely and positive manifestation of the capacity, productivity and value of international human scientific endeavour. Based on intrigue, lively competition and cooperation a global effort has rapidly fostered a school of biology with widespread ramifications for the understanding of metazoan animals, the human condition and the state of the planet. This book is the first this century to try and capture the spirit of this endeavour, to depict where the field is now and to identify some of the challenges and opportunities for the future.' -- From book cover Nuclear receptors an introductory overview / C.M. Bunce and M.J. Campbell What does evolution teach us about nuclear receptors? / G. Markov, F. Bonneton and V. Laudet Functions of nuclear receptors in insect development / D. Martín The glucocorticoid receptor / R.H. Oakley and J.A. Cidlowski Estrogen receptors: Their actions and functional roles in health and disease / S. Nilsson and J.-Å. Gustafsson Androgen receptor / J.T. Dalton and W. Gao Thyroid hormone receptors / B. Vennström, H. Liu and D. Forrest The vitamin D receptor (NR1I1) / O. Maguire and M.J. Campbell Retinoic acid receptors / A. Cras, F. Guidez and C. Chomienne PPARs: Important regulators in metabolism and inflammation / L.M. Sanderson and S. Kersten Xenobiotic receptors CAR and PXR / C. Klaassen and H. Lu Fxr / Y. Wang ... [et al.] Physiological functions of TR2 and TR4 orphan nuclear receptor / S. Liu ... [et al.] Nuclear receptors and ATP dependent chromatin remodeling: A complex story / C.J. Burd and T.K. Archer Non-genomic action of sex steroid hormones / A. Migliaccio, G. Castoria and F. Auricchio Ligand regulation and nuclear receptor action / M. Hewison New insights to nuclear receptor gene regulation from analysis of their response elements in target genes / C. Carlberg Systems biology: Towards realistic and useful models of molecular networks / F.J. Bruggeman ... [et al.]. Front Matter....Pages i-xii Nuclear Receptors an Introductory Overview....Pages 1-13 What does Evolution Teach us about Nuclear Receptors?....Pages 15-29 Functions of Nuclear Receptors in Insect Development....Pages 31-61 The Glucocorticoid Receptor....Pages 63-89 Estrogen Receptors: Their Actions and Functional Roles in Health and Disease....Pages 91-141 Androgen Receptor....Pages 143-182 Thyroid Hormone Receptors....Pages 183-201 The Vitamin D Receptor (NR1I1)....Pages 203-236 Retinoic Acid Receptors....Pages 237-258 PPARs: Important Regulators in Metabolism and Inflammation....Pages 259-285 Xenobiotic Receptors CAR and PXR....Pages 287-305 Fxr....Pages 307-326 Physiological Functions of TR2 and TR4 Orphan Nuclear Receptor....Pages 327-343 Nuclear Receptors and ATP Dependent Chromatin Remodeling: A Complex Story....Pages 345-363 Non-Genomic Action of Sex Steroid Hormones....Pages 365-379 Ligand Regulation and Nuclear Receptor Action....Pages 381-417 New Insights to Nuclear Receptor Gene Regulation from Analysis of their Response Elements in Target Genes....Pages 419-437 Systems Biology: Towards Realistic and Useful Models of Molecular Networks....Pages 439-453 Back Matter....Pages 455-457 In 1980 a case of myxedema was treated in Lisbon by the implantation of a sheep thyroid gland with the immediate improvement in the patient s condition. A few years later, medications for the then ill-explained condition of the menopause included tablets made from cow ovaries. In the first quarter of the 20th century the identification vitamin D3 and its sunlight driven production in skin paved the way to the elimination of rickets as a major medical problem. Twenty years or so later Sir Vincent Wigglesworth established the endocrine basis of developmental moulting in insects, arguably the mos