انرژی هسته‌ای در قرن ۲۱: مقدمه‌ای از دانشگاه هسته‌ای جهان

The onset of the 21st century has coincided with mounting scientific evidence of the severe environmental impact of global energy consumption. In response, governments and environmentalists on every continent have begun to re-evaluate the benefits of nuclear power as a clean, non-emitting energy resource. Today nuclear power plants operate in some 30 countries, and nuclear energy has become a safe and reliable source of one-sixth of the worlds electricity. This base has the potential to be expanded widely as part of a worldwide clean-energy revolution. Nuclear Energy in the 21st Century is an authoritative resource for educators, students, policy-makers and interested lay-people.-;Foreword by Dr Patrick Moore;Introduction;Energy use;Electricity today and tomorrow;Nuclear power;The front end of the nuclear fuel cycle;The back end of the nuclear fuel cycle;Other nuclear energy applications;Environment, health and safety issues;Avoiding weapons proliferation;History of nuclear energy;Appendices;Glossary;Index.;This balanced and accessible text provides: \*An inroad into nuclear science for the non-specialist \*A valuable account of many aspects of nuclear technology, including industry applications \*Answers to public concerns about safety, proliferation, and waste management \*Up-to-date data and references This edition comes with a Foreword by Dr. Patrick Moore, co-founder of Greenpeace, which attests to todays worldwide re-evaluation of nuclear power. The World Nuclear University (WNU) is a global partnership of industry, inter-governmental, and academic institutions committed to enhancing education in nuclear science and technology. WNU partners include the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA), the World Association of Nuclear Operators (WANO), the Nuclear Energy Agency (NEA) of the OECD, and the World Nuclear Association (WNA).-;With a secretariat staffed by government-sponsored secondees, the London-based WNU Coordinating Centre fosters a diversity of collaborative projects to strengthen nuclear education and rebuild future leadership in nuclear science and technology. Global in perspective and rich in data Draws on the intellectual resources of the World Nuclear Association Includes Physics of uranium; uranium enrichment; waste management Provides technical perspective with an understanding of environmental issues. Front Cover......Page 1 Copyright Page......Page 2 Contents......Page 3 Foreword......Page 5 Introduction......Page 8 Chapter 1. Energy use......Page 12 1.2 Sustainability of energy......Page 13 1.4 Energy supply......Page 14 1.5 Changes in energy demand and supply......Page 15 1.6 Future energy demand and supply......Page 17 Chapter 2. Electricity today and tomorrow......Page 22 2.1 Electricity demand......Page 23 2.2 Electricity supply......Page 24 2.3 Fuels for electricity generation today......Page 26 2.4 Provision for future base-load electricity......Page 27 2.5 Renewable energy sources......Page 31 2.6 Coal and uranium compared......Page 33 2.7 Energy inputs to nuclear electricity......Page 34 2.8 Economic factors......Page 35 Chapter 3. Nuclear power......Page 38 3.1 Mass to energy in the reactor core......Page 39 3.2 Nuclear power reactors......Page 40 3.3 Uranium availability......Page 44 3.4 Nuclear weapons as a source of fuel......Page 46 3.5 Thorium as a nuclear fuel......Page 47 3.6 Accelerator-driven systems......Page 48 3.7 Physics of a nuclear reactor......Page 49 Chapter 4. The “front end” of the nuclear fuel cycle......Page 56 4.1 Mining and milling of uranium ore......Page 57 4.2 The nuclear fuel cycle......Page 59 4.3 Advanced reactors......Page 65 4.4 High temperature gas-cooled reactors......Page 69 4.5 Fast neutron reactors......Page 70 4.6 Very small nuclear power plants......Page 74 4.7 Thorium cycle......Page 75 Chapter 5. The “back end” of the nuclear fuel cycle......Page 76 5.1 Nuclear “wastes”......Page 77 5.2 Reprocessing used fuel......Page 80 5.3 High-level wastes from reprocessing......Page 82 5.4 Storage and disposal of used fuel as “waste”......Page 86 5.5 Disposal of solidified wastes......Page 87 5.6 Decommissioning reactors......Page 91 Chapter 6. Other nuclear energy applications......Page 94 6.1 Hydrogen for transport......Page 95 6.2 Desalination......Page 99 6.3 Marine propulsion......Page 101 6.4 Space......Page 104 6.5 Research reactors for radioisotopes......Page 107 Chapter 7. Environment, health and safety issues......Page 112 7.1 Greenhouse gas emissions......Page 113 7.2 Other environmental effects......Page 114 7.3 Health and environmental effects......Page 116 7.4 Radiation......Page 118 7.5 Reactor safety......Page 121 Chapter 8. Avoiding weapons proliferation......Page 128 8.1 International cooperation......Page 129 8.2 International nuclear safeguards......Page 131 8.3 Fissile materials......Page 133 8.4 Recycling military uranium and plutonium for electricity......Page 137 8.5 Australian and Canadian nuclear safeguards policies......Page 138 Chapter 9. History of nuclear energy......Page 140 9.1 Exploring the nature of the atom......Page 141 9.2 Harnessing nuclear fission......Page 142 9.3 Nuclear physics in Russia......Page 143 9.4 Conceiving the atomic bomb......Page 144 9.5 Developing the concepts......Page 145 9.6 The Manhattan Project......Page 146 9.7 The Soviet bomb......Page 147 9.8 Revival of the “nuclear boiler”......Page 149 9.9 Nuclear energy goes commercial......Page 150 9.10 The nuclear power brown-out......Page 151 9.11 Nuclear renaissance......Page 152 1. Ionizing radiation and how it is measured......Page 153 2. Some radioactive decay series......Page 156 3. Environmental and ethical aspects of radioactive waste management......Page 157 4. Some useful references......Page 161 Glossary......Page 162 Index......Page 168 The onset of the 21st century has coincided with mounting scientific evidence of the severe environmental impact of global energy consumption. In response, governments and environmentalists on every continent have begun to re-evaluate the benefits of nuclear power as a clean, non-emitting energy resource. Today nuclear power plants operate in some 30 countries, and nuclear energy has become a safe and reliable source of one-sixth of the world’s electricity. This base has the potential to be expanded widely as part of a worldwide clean-energy revolution.

Nuclear Energy in the 21st Century is an authoritative resource for educators, students, policy-makers and interested lay-people. This balanced and accessible text provides:

* An inroad into nuclear science for the non-specialist
* A valuable account of many aspects of nuclear technology, including industry applications
* Answers to public concerns about safety, proliferation, and waste management
* Up-to-date data and references

This edition comes with a Foreword by Dr. Patrick Moore, co-founder of Greenpeace, which attests to today’s worldwide re-evaluation of nuclear power.

The World Nuclear University (WNU) is a global partnership of industry, inter-governmental, and academic institutions committed to enhancing education in nuclear science and technology. WNU partners include the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA), the World Association of Nuclear Operators (WANO), the Nuclear Energy Agency (NEA) of the OECD, and the World Nuclear Association (WNA). With a secretariat staffed by government-sponsored secondees, the London-based WNU Coordinating Centre fosters a diversity of collaborative projects to strengthen nuclear education and rebuild future leadership in nuclear science and technology.

· Global in perspective and rich in data
· Draws on the intellectual resources of the World Nuclear Association
· Includes Physics of uranium; uranium enrichment; waste management
· Provides technical perspective with an understanding of environmental issues Annotation The onset of the 21st century has coincided with mounting scientific evidence of the severe environmental impact of global energy consumption. In response, governments and environmentalists on every continent have begun to re-evaluate the benefits of nuclear power as a clean, non-emitting energy resource. Today nuclear power plants operate in some 30 countries, and nuclear energy has become a safe and reliable source of one-sixth of the world's electricity. This base has the potential to be expanded widely as part of a worldwide clean-energy revolution. Nuclear Energy in the 21st Century is an authoritative resource for educators, students, policy-makers and interested lay-people. This balanced and accessible text provides: * An inroad into nuclear science for the non-specialist * A valuable account of many aspects of nuclear technology, including industry applications * Answers to public concerns about safety, proliferation, and waste management * Up-to-date data and references This edition comes with a Foreword by Dr. Patrick Moore, co-founder of Greenpeace, which attests to today's worldwide re-evaluation of nuclear power. The World Nuclear University (WNU) is a global partnership of industry, inter-governmental, and academic institutions committed to enhancing education in nuclear science and technology. WNU partners include the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA), the World Association of Nuclear Operators (WANO), the Nuclear Energy Agency (NEA) of the OECD, and the World Nuclear Association (WNA). With a secretariat staffed by government-sponsored secondees, the London-based WNU Coordinating Centre fosters a diversity of collaborative projects to strengthen nuclear education and rebuild future leadership in nuclear science and technology. - Global in perspective and rich in data - Draws on the intellectual resources of the World Nuclear Association - Includes Physics of uranium; uranium enrichment; waste management - Provides technical perspective with an understanding of environmental issues The onset of the 21st century has coincided with mounting scientific evidence of the severe environmental impact of global energy consumption. In response, governments and environmentalists on every continent have begun to re-evaluate the benefits of nuclear power as a clean, non-emitting energy resource. Today nuclear power plants operate in some 30 countries, and nuclear energy has become a safe and reliable source of one-sixth of the world s electricity. This base has the potential to be expanded widely as part of a worldwide clean-energy revolution. Nuclear Energy in the 21st Century is an authoritative resource for educators, students, policy-makers and interested lay-people. This balanced and accessible text provides: *An inroad into nuclear science for the non-specialist *A valuable account of many aspects of nuclear technology, including industry applications *Answers to public concerns about safety, proliferation, and waste management *Up-to-date data and references This edition comes with a Foreword by Dr. Patrick Moore, co-founder of Greenpeace, which attests to today s worldwide re-evaluation of nuclear power. The World Nuclear University (WNU) is a global partnership of industry, inter-governmental, and academic institutions committed to enhancing education in nuclear science and technology. WNU partners include the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA), the World Association of Nuclear Operators (WANO), the Nuclear Energy Agency (NEA) of the OECD, and the World Nuclear Association (WNA). With a secretariat staffed by government-sponsored secondees, the London-based WNU Coordinating Centre fosters a diversity of collaborative projects to strengthen nuclear education and rebuild future leadership in nuclear science and technology. . Global in perspective and rich in data . Draws on the intellectual resources of the World Nuclear Association . Includes Physics of uranium; uranium enrichment; waste management . Provides technical perspective with an understanding of environmental issues The onset of the 21st century has coincided with mounting scientific evidence of the severe environmental impact of global energy consumption. In response, governments and environmentalists on every continent have begun to re-evaluate the benefits of nuclear power as a clean, non-emitting energy resource. Today nuclear power plants operate in some 30 countries, and nuclear energy has become a safe and reliable source of one-sixth of the worlds electricity. This base has the potential to be expanded widely as part of a worldwide clean-energy revolution. This text is a balanced resource that provides: an inroad into nuclear science for the non-specialist, an account of many aspects of nuclear technology, including industry applications, answers to public concerns about safety, proliferation, and waste management, and up-to-date data and references. The foreword is written by Dr. Patrick Moore, co-founder of Greenpeace, which attests to todays worldwide re-evaluation of nuclear power. The World Nuclear University (WNU) is a global partnership of industry, inter-governmental, and academic institutions committed to enhancing education in nuclear science and technology. WNU partners include the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA), the World Association of Nuclear Operators (WANO), the Nuclear Energy Agency (NEA) of the OECD, and the World Nuclear Association (WNA). With a secretariat staffed by government-sponsored secondees, the London-based WNU Coordinating Centre fosters a diversity of collaborative projects to strengthen nuclear education and rebuild future leadership in nuclear science and technology. Global in perspective and rich in data, this book draws on the intellectual resources of the World Nuclear Association and includes physics of uranium; uranium enrichment; waste management as as well as providing a technical perspective with an understanding of environmental issues