Novel Sustainable Raw Material Alternatives for the Textiles and Fashion Industry (Sustainable Textiles: Production, Processing, Manufacturing & Chemistry)

Environmental impacts created by the textiles and fashion sector are well known and acknowledged by various stakeholders involved in the entire supply chain. The entire lifecycle of textile products creates various impacts to the environment and hence any attempts to alleviate the impacts are highly welcomed. The whole sector is keen to investigate novel sustainable alternatives in terms of raw materials, processes, approaches to make the entire textiles and fashion sector more sustainable. This broad title of novel sustainable alternatives can be split into three subtopics: novel raw material alternatives, novel process alternative and novel alternative approaches. This volume is dedicated to dealing with novel sustainable raw material alternatives for the textiles and fashion industry. Preface 7 Contents 8 Sustainability by Using Preconsumer Textile Based Deadstock for the Development of a Capsule Collection: A Case Report 10 1 Introduction 10 2 The Fashion Industry 12 3 Sustainability in the Fashion Industry 14 3.1 Other Projects Developed Under This Topic 17 4 Methodology Applied in the Study Presented 18 5 Capsule Collection Development Proposal: Analysis, Discussion, and Presentation of Results 19 5.1 Research on Target Audience and Brand Identity 19 5.2 Collection and Evaluation of Available Raw Material 19 5.3 Creation: Development of the Capsule Collection 21 5.4 Moulage/Modeling of Parts 23 6 Final Considerations 28 References 28 Sustainable Colorants from Natural Resources 31 1 Introduction 32 2 Classification of Natural Dyes 33 2.1 Plant Sources 33 2.1.1 Indigo (Leaves) 33 2.1.2 Madder (Root) 33 2.1.3 Cutch (Wood) 33 2.1.4 Jungle Geranium 33 2.1.5 Kamala 34 2.2 Animal or Insect Sources 34 2.2.1 Laccifer lacca 34 2.2.2 Coccus ilicis 34 2.2.3 Coccus cacti 34 2.3 Mineral Sources 34 3 Extraction Medium of Natural Dyes 35 3.1 Conventional Extraction/Aqueous Method 35 3.2 Supercritical Fluid Extraction 35 3.3 Enzymatic Extraction 35 3.4 Ultrasound Extraction 36 3.5 Magnetic Stirring 36 4 Characterization of Natural Dye 36 5 Mordanting 37 5.1 Types of Mordants 37 6 Application of Natural Dyes 38 6.1 Health Safety of the Underwear Product 38 6.2 Health Safety of Household Textiles 39 6.3 Modern Textiles 39 7 Natural Dyes in Functional Finishing of Textiles 39 8 Future Prospects of Natural Dye 39 9 Conclusion 40 References 41 Tillandsia usneoides L. (Spanish Moss) Air Plant and Its Important Potential for Sustainable Technical Textile Applications 43 1 Introduction 44 2 The Bromeliaceae (Poales) Family: Tillandsia usneoides (L.) 45 2.1 Plantation of Air Plant: Tillandsia usneoides (L.) 46 3 Production of Spanish Moss Fibers 49 3.1 Harvesting 49 3.2 Curing 50 3.3 Ginning 50 4 Structure of Tillandsia usneoides L. (Spanish Moss) 50 5 Tensile Strength of Spanish Moss (Tillandsia usneoides L.) Fibers 51 6 Uses of the Spanish Moss (Tillandsia usneoides L.) from Former Times Until Today 51 6.1 Its Use in Air Pollution as a Biomonitor 53 6.2 Biomimetic Applications and Important Potential for Sustainable Technical Textile Applications 55 6.3 Artificial Superhydrophilic Surfaces 55 6.4 Wound Healing 56 6.5 Fabricating Artificial Composite Membranes 56 7 Conclusion 56 References 57 Luxurious Sustainable Fibers 64 1 Introduction 65 2 Luxurious Sustainable Textiles 67 2.1 Bark Cloth 67 2.2 Byssus 68 2.3 Fox Fiber 69 2.4 Lotus 70 2.5 Metallic Textiles 71 2.6 Mud Cotton 73 2.7 Mud Silk 73 2.8 Muga Silk 74 2.9 Naturally Colored Silk 76 2.10 Pashmina Hair 77 2.11 Shahtoosh 79 2.12 Boops Boops and Nori 81 3 Conclusion 81 References 82 Sustainable Products from Natural Fibers/Biomass as a Substitute for Single-Use Plastics: Indian Context 87 1 Introduction 87 2 Single-Use Plastic: Status and Impact 90 3 Policy for Single-Use Plastic 93 4 Natural Fiber as an Alternative to Synthetic 95 5 Scopes for Replacing Single-Use Plastic 97 5.1 Carry Bag 97 5.1.1 Woven Shopping Bag 97 5.1.2 Nonwoven Bag 97 Bag Using Water-Soluble Adhesive 99 Bag Using Hot Melt Adhesive 100 Water Impermeable Nonwoven Carry Bag 101 5.1.3 Open-Structure Bag 101 5.1.4 Paper Bag 102 5.2 Molded Products 104 5.3 Flat Carpet Underlay 104 5.4 Agrotextiles 105 5.4.1 Mulch Fabric 107 5.4.2 Horticultural/Nursery Bag 108 5.4.3 Protective Cloth in Agriculture 109 5.5 Geotextiles 110 5.6 Packaging 114 6 Environmental Impact Analysis of Natural Fiber Product 114 7 Life Cycle of Jute Shopping Bag 115 8 Campaign Against Plastic 117 9 Current Market Scenario and Futuristic Approach 118 10 Bioplastic: Status and Opportunities 119 11 Conclusion 122 References 122 Website Sources 124 Sustainable Approaches for Non-apparel Textile Products Used in Sports 126 1 Introduction 127 2 Natural or Synthetic Turf? 127 3 History of Artificial Turf 128 4 Fourth-Generation Turfs 131 5 Injuries and Artificial Turf 133 6 Disposal of Artificial Turfs 133 7 Socks 134 8 Characteristics of Socks 134 9 Sports Socks 135 10 Pads and Helmets 136 11 Wrist Bands and Helmets 137 12 Conclusion 137 References 138 Cotton Fiber and Its Sustainable Alternatives 143 1 Cotton and Its Production 143 2 Application of Cotton 144 3 Sustainable Traditional Cotton Costumes 145 4 Environmental Issues of Cotton 147 5 Cotton Fiber Alternatives 150 5.1 Lotus Fiber 150 5.2 Banana Fiber 152 5.3 Pineapple Fiber 153 5.4 Hemp 155 6 Cotton as Protagonist 157 7 Cotton Revival Initiatives 157 8 Conclusion 159 References 160 Ancient Natural Colors from Chinchero 165 1 Introduction 166 1.1 The Process of Ancient Color 166 2 The Value/Sustainability of Natural Colors from Chinchero 168 2.1 Environment 168 2.2 Society 169 2.3 Corporates 170 3 Ancient Products in Business 172 3.1 Local Business Activities in Chinchero 172 3.2 How Chinchero Became a Luxury Brand 173 3.3 Marketing of Chincheros 174 3.4 Profit Reference for Chinchero 174 3.5 Limitations of Chinchero 175 4 Conclusion 176 References 177 Eco-Pots: An Alternative to Plastic Sapling Bags 178 1 Introduction 179 2 Classification and Characteristics of Eco-Pots 180 3 Need for Jute Eco-Pots 181 4 Eco-Friendly Pots in Current Market 181 5 Benefits of Eco-Pots 183 6 Plastic Usage in Agriculture 183 7 Eco-Pots as a Plastic Substitute: A Realistic Alternative? 185 8 Future Trends and Challenges 185 References 186 An Alternative Fiber Source in Sustainable Textile and Fashion Design: Cellulosic Akund Fibers 187 1 Introduction 187 2 Akund Plant 189 3 Akund Fibers and Their Structure 190 4 Properties of Akund Fibers 191 4.1 Mechanical Properties 191 4.2 Moisture Regain 192 4.3 Antibacterial Activity of Akund Fibers 192 4.4 Spinnability of Akund Fibers 192 4.5 Pretreatment Processes of Akund Fibers 193 5 Uses of Akund Fibers 193 6 Sustainability Potential of Akund Fibers 195 7 Conclusion 195 References 196 Index 201