Noninvasive Assessment of Trabecular Bone Architecture and The Competence of Bone (Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology, 496)

The study of bone microarchitecture is flourishing because of a recent shift in perspective that has taken researchers beyond utilizing bone mineral density as the primary source of information about certain matters related to bone. In the area of osteoporosis and skeletal changes, bone mineral density (BMD) is widely used for screening, monitoring and assessing therapeutic efficacy, and yet, it is currently accepted that BMD does not fully explain the pathogenesis of osteoporosis, the process of aging, nor mechanisms of therapeutic efficacy. In this context, the study of trabecular microarchitecture has much to contribute. The emerging field of trabecular microarchitecture, however, is diverse, inter-disciplinary and encompasses many different imaging modalities. This volume represents a compilation of papers from world-renowned researchers, reflecting the most current research in the area of noninvasive assessment of trabecular microcarchitecture. This varied research applies sophisticated imaging tools to questions of bone biomechanics at both the basic science and clinical levels. The authors' works range from review articles and research articles to works in progress. Taken together, they offer a foray into the "state of the art" of investigating bone at its most basic levels. Front Matter....Pages i-xi Evaluation of Trabecular Bone Orientation in Wrists of Young Volunteers Using Mr Relaxometry and High Resolution Mri....Pages 1-7 Micro-Computed Tomography to Evaluate Bone Remodeling and Mineralization....Pages 9-19 Micro-FE Analyses of Bone: State of the Art....Pages 21-30 Changes in Trabecular Bone Structure Assessed by High-Resolution MRI in Patients After Transplantation....Pages 31-36 Direct Measures of Trabecular Bone Architecture from MR Images....Pages 37-46 Evaluation of Mechanical Properties of Trabecular and Cortical Bone....Pages 47-56 Three-Dimensional Digital Topolgical Analysis of Trabecular Bone....Pages 57-65 Hierarchical Structure of Bone and Micro-Computed Tomography....Pages 67-83 Central Control of Bone Mass: Brainstorming of the Skeleton....Pages 85-94 Assessment of Bone Quality, Quantity, and Turnover with Multiple Methodologies at Multiple Skeletal Sites....Pages 95-97 Fracture Healing and Micro Architecture....Pages 99-110 Simulation of Osteoporosis Bone Changes: Effects on the Degree of Anisotropy....Pages 111-121 Changes in Bone Remodeling Rate Influence the Degree of Mineralization of Bone Which is a Determinant of Bone Strength: Therapeutic Implications....Pages 123-127 Synchrotron Radiation μCT : A Reference Tool for the Characterization of Bone Samples....Pages 129-142 Prediction of Distal Radius Failure with μFE Models Based on 3D-PQCT Scans....Pages 143-151 Visualization and Analysis of Trabecular Bone Architecture in the Limited Spatial Resolution Regime of In Vivo Micro-MRI....Pages 153-164 The Effects of PTH (1-34) on Bone Structure and Strength in Ovariectomized Monkeys....Pages 165-179 Experimental Measurement of Three-Dimensional Continuum-Level Strain Fields in Trabecular Bone....Pages 181-197 Engineering Microstructures to Evaluate and Replace Trabecular Bone....Pages 199-211 In Vivo Micro Tomography....Pages 213-224 Back Matter....Pages 225-227 Sharmila Majumdar In The Area Of Osteoporosis And Skeletal Changes, It Is Currently Accepted That Bone Mineral Density (bmd), Widely Used For Screening, Monitoring And Assessing Therapeutic Efficacy, Does Not Adequately Explain The Pathogenesis Of Osteoporosis, The Process Of Aging, Or The Therapeutic Efficacy Of Various Treatments. In This Context, Trabecular Micro Architecture Has Enormous Potential To Contribute To Understanding The Pathophysiology Of Osteopor.osis And Therapy Assessment. The Use And Value Of Noninvasive Imaging And Quantitative Image Analysis And Processing Of Trabecular Bone Micro-architecture Have Increased Dramatically Due To Recent Advances In Instrumentation And Software. This Emerging Field Is Diverse, Interdisciplinary, And Encompasses Many Different Imaging Modalities. Interested Researchers Include Those Involved In Technique Development, Basic Science And Animal Studies, As Well As Clinical Researchers And Practicing Physicians. With The Growth Of This Area Of Research, A Group Of Investigators At The 11th Interna Tional Workshop Of Bone Densitometry, 1 Concluded That A Forum Dedicated To This Matter Was Urgently Needed. With This Agenda, Dr. Peter Ruegsegger Organized The First Sympo 2 Sium On Conjunction With The 10th Conference Of The European Society Of Biomechanics. The Symposium On Bone Architecture And Competence Was A Two-hourlong Event Which Resulted In Five Chapters In Bone Research And Biomechanics, Edited By G. Lowet, P. Ruegsegger, H. Weinans, And A. Meunier, Published By Los Press, 1997. The Second Symposium Was Held As A Pre-symposium To The 12th Workshop On Bone Denistometry,3 And Flourished As A Daylong Event.