Non-Photochemical Quenching and Energy Dissipation in Plants, Algae and Cyanobacteria (Advances in Photosynthesis and Respiration Book 40)

Harnessing the sun’s energy via photosynthesis is at the core of sustainable production of food, fuel, and materials by plants, algae, and cyanobacteria. Photosynthesis depends on photoprotection against intense sunlight, starting with the safe removal of excess excitation energy from the light-harvesting system, which can be quickly and non-destructively assessed via non-photochemical quenching of chlorophyll fluorescence (NPQ). By placing NPQ into the context of whole-organism function, this book aims to contribute towards identification of plant and algal lines with superior stress resistance and productivity. By addressing agreements and open questions concerning photoprotection’s molecular mechanisms, this book contributes towards development of artificial photosynthetic systems. A comprehensive picture –from single molecules to organisms in ecosystems, and from leading expert’s views to practical information for non-specialists on NPQ measurement and terminology – is presented. Front Matter....Pages i-xxxviii The Non-Photochemical Quenching of the Electronically Excited State of Chlorophyll a in Plants: Definitions, Timelines, Viewpoints, Open Questions....Pages 1-44 Lessons from Nature: A Personal Perspective....Pages 45-72 Developments in Research on Non-Photochemical Fluorescence Quenching: Emergence of Key Ideas, Theories and Experimental Approaches....Pages 73-95 Photophysics of Photosynthetic Pigment-Protein Complexes....Pages 97-128 Non-Photochemical Quenching Mechanisms in Intact Organisms as Derived from Ultrafast-Fluorescence Kinetic Studies....Pages 129-156 How Protein Disorder Controls Non-Photochemical Fluorescence Quenching....Pages 157-185 Context, Quantification, and Measurement Guide for Non-Photochemical Quenching of Chlorophyll Fluorescence....Pages 187-201 Spectroscopic Investigation of Carotenoids Involved in Non-Photochemical Fluorescence Quenching....Pages 203-227 Electronic Carotenoid-Chlorophyll Interactions Regulating Photosynthetic Light Harvesting of Higher Plants and Green Algae....Pages 229-243 Antenna Protein Conformational Changes Revealed by Resonance Raman Spectroscopy....Pages 245-257 Fucoxanthin-Chlorophyll-Proteins and Non-Photochemical Fluorescence Quenching of Diatoms....Pages 259-275 Involvement of a Second Xanthophyll Cycle in Non-Photochemical Quenching of Chlorophyll Fluorescence: The Lutein Epoxide Story....Pages 277-295 PsbS-Dependent Non-Photochemical Quenching....Pages 297-314 Molecular Mechanisms for Activation of Non-Photochemical Fluorescence Quenching: From Unicellular Algae to Mosses and Higher Plants....Pages 315-331 Are Chlorophyll-Carotenoid Interactions Responsible for Rapidly Reversible Non-Photochemical Fluorescence Quenching?....Pages 333-342 Structural Changes and Non-Photochemical Quenching of Chlorophyll a Fluorescence in Oxygenic Photosynthetic Organisms....Pages 343-371 Non-Photochemical Fluorescence Quenching and the Dynamics of Photosystem II Structure....Pages 373-386 Control of Non-Photochemical Exciton Quenching by the Proton Circuit of Photosynthesis....Pages 387-408 Desiccation-Induced Quenching of Chlorophyll Fluorescence in Cryptogams....Pages 409-420 The Peculiar Features of Non-Photochemical Fluorescence Quenching in Diatoms and Brown Algae....Pages 421-443 High Light Acclimation in Green Microalgae....Pages 445-469 Mechanisms Modulating Energy Arriving at Reaction Centers in Cyanobacteria....Pages 471-501 Photosystem II Efficiency and Non-Photochemical Fluorescence Quenching in the Context of Source-Sink Balance....Pages 503-529 Non-Photochemical Fluorescence Quenching in Contrasting Plant Species and Environments....Pages 531-552 Non-Photochemical Fluorescence Quenching Across Scales: From Chloroplasts to Plants to Communities....Pages 553-582 Beyond Non-Photochemical Fluorescence Quenching: The Overlapping Antioxidant Functions of Zeaxanthin and Tocopherols....Pages 583-603 Thermal Energy Dissipation in Plants Under Unfavorable Soil Conditions....Pages 605-630 Chloroplast Photoprotection and the Trade-Off Between Abiotic and Biotic Defense....Pages 631-643 Back Matter....Pages 645-649 Harnessing the sun's energy via photosynthesis is at the core of sustainable production of food, fuel, and materials by plants, algae, and cyanobacteria. Photosynthesis depends on protection (photoprotection) against the perils of intense sunlight. The first line of defense among a cascade of photoprotective mechanisms is the safe removal of excess excitation energy within the light-harvesting system. The widely used indicator for photoprotective energy dissipation (thermal de-excitation of excited-state chlorophyll) is the quick, facile, and non-destructive assessment of non-photochemical quenching of chlorophyll fluorescence (NPQ). By placing light harvesting and photoprotection into the context of whole-organism function, this book directs the use of NPQ to aid in the identification of plant and algal lines with superior stress resistance and productivity. Furthermore, this volume addresses open questions in the interpretation of the molecular mechanisms of light harvesting and energy dissipation, the resolution of which should aid in the development of artificial photosynthetic systems. A comprehensive picture - from theory to practice, and from single molecules to organisms in ecosystems - is presented. In addition to providing current views of the leading specialists in this area, this book includes basic and practical information for non-specialists. For example, this book critically examines uses and misuses of the term NPQ and of advantages and pitfalls of NPQ measurements, and presents concrete recommendations for all concerned