Non-locality and modality : proceedings of the NATO Advanced Research Workshop on Modality, Probability, and Bell's Theorems, Cracow, Poland, 19 to 23 August 2001

Quantum theory is the most successful of all physical theories: it has a towering mathematical structure, a vast range of accurate predictions, and technological applications. Its interpretation, however, is as unsettled now as in the heroic days of Einstein and Bohr. This book focuses on quantum non-locality, the curious quantum correlations between spatially separated systems. Quantum non-locality was one subject of the debates between Einstein, Bohr and others such as Schrödinger. The topic was revived in the 1960s as a result of Bell's epoch-making theorems; since then it has been a very active research field, both theoretically and experimentally. This book contains twenty new papers by eminent researchers, who report recent developments in both the physics of the subject and its philosophy. The physics topics covered include quantum information, the unsharp (positive-operator) approach to observables, the state-space approach, and the pilot-wave theory. The philosophy papers include precise studies of Bohr's reply to the original Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen non-locality paradox, and of non-locality's relation to causation, probability and modality. Front Matter....Pages i-x Front Matter....Pages 1-1 Reconsidering Bohr’s Reply to EPR....Pages 3-18 Bohr on Bell: A Proposed Reading of Bohr and its Implications for Bell’s Theorem....Pages 19-35 Bell, Bohm, and Von Neumann: Some Philosophical Inequalities Concerning No-Go Theorems and the Axiomatic Method....Pages 37-58 Front Matter....Pages 59-59 Why Quantum Theory?....Pages 61-73 Quantum Mechanics of the Electric Charge and its Connection with the Problem of Interpretation of Quantum Mechanics....Pages 75-79 Signal-Locality and Subquantum Information in Deterministic Hidden-Variables Theories....Pages 81-103 Remarks on Space-Time and Locality in Everett’s Interpretation....Pages 105-122 Front Matter....Pages 123-123 Is Quantum Mechanics Non-Local?....Pages 125-136 Measuring Quantum Entanglement....Pages 137-152 On Fine’s Interpretation of Quantum Mechanics: GHZ Experiment....Pages 153-161 Locality and Reality Revisited....Pages 163-171 Front Matter....Pages 173-173 EPR-Bell Tests with Unsharp Observables and Relativistic Quantum Measurement....Pages 175-193 A Kochen-Specker Theorem for Unsharp Spin 1 Observables....Pages 195-203 The Bell Phenomenon in a Probabilistic Approach....Pages 205-220 Front Matter....Pages 221-221 Non-Locality and Theories of Causation....Pages 223-234 On Causal Loops in the Quantum Realm....Pages 235-257 Reichenbach’s Common Cause Principle and Quantum Correlations....Pages 259-270 Front Matter....Pages 271-271 Branching Space-Time, Modal Logic and the Counterfactual Conditional....Pages 273-291 EPR-Like “Funny Business” in the Theory of Branching Space-Times....Pages 293-315 Partial Indeterminism is Enough: A Branching Analysis of Bell-Type Inequalities....Pages 317-342 Back Matter....Pages 343-352 Proceedings of the NATO Advanced Research Workshop on Modality, Probability, and Bell's Theorems, Cracow, Poland, August 19-23, 2001 The past few decades have seen tremendous growth in our understanding of interpretations of quantum mechanics.