Non-Line-of-Sight Radar

Non-Line-of-Sight Radar is the first book on the new and exciting area of detecting and tracking targets via radar multipath without direct-line-of-sight (DLOS). This revolutionary capability is finding new applications in the tracking of objects in non-line-of-sight (NLOS) urban environments including detection and tracking of UAVs. This book brings together for the first time all the essential underpinnings and techniques required to develop and field a viable NLOS radar. It presents many examples, including electromagnetic radiation propagation in urban NLOS environments, extracting building location and morphology from readily available terrain databases, predictive ray-tracing techniques, and multi-target NLOS tracking. Readers will learn how to apply radar to urban tracking that was previously deemed impossible. The book shows how real-time physics calculations can be incorporated into the radar processor, and how existing radar hardware can be adopted for non-line-of-sight radar use without major upgrades. Including results from both high-fidelity, physics-based simulations and actual flight test data, this book establishes the efficacy of NLOS radar in practical applications. Non-Line-of-Sight Radar Contents 1 Introduction 1.1 Background 1.2 NLOS Radar Overview 1.3 Chapter Outline References 2 Review of Ground Surveillance Sensors 2.1 MTI Radar 2.2 Kalman Filter 2.2.1 Linear Kalman Filter 2.2.2 Extended Kalman Filter 2.3 Multiple Hypothesis Tracking 2.4 Bayesian Particle Filters 2.5 Track-Before-Detect References 3 Exploitation of Multipath Physics in Det 3.1 Introduction 3.2 Review of EM Propagation and Multipa 3.2.1 Diffraction Assumption 3.2.2 Ray Tracing 3.2.3 Modeling Antenna Directivity and G 3.2.4 Modeling Atmospheric Loss 3.2.5 Treatment of Diffuse Scattering 3.2.6 Modeling Surface Reflection Polari 3.2.7 Range-Doppler Processing 3.2.8 MTI Signal Processing 3.3 Geometric Analysis: A Basic EM Simul 3.4 Full Electromagnetic Simulations 3.5 Incorporating Building Geometries 3.6 Radar System Analysis for Multipath 3.7 Track Simulations of the City Model 3.7.1 Track 1 (Urban) Simulation of Towe 3.7.2 Track 2 (Street) Simulation of Tow 3.7.3 Track 3 (Interstate) of Tower Moun 3.7.4 Tower Simulation Summary 3.8 Simulations of Phoenix/Tempe and Com 3.9 NLOS Tracking 3.9.1 MER Data Collection Description 3.9.2 Validation of Multipath Signatures 3.9.3 KA-MAP NLOS Tracker 3.9.4 NLOS Tracker Results 3.10 Summary References 4 Terrain Databases 4.1 Terrain Databases 4.1.1 DTED 4.1.2 Land Cover 4.1.3 Scattering Power versus Incident A 4.2 Urban Databases 4.2.1 Extracting Building Geometries fro 4.2.2 Automatic Corner Detection Using I 4.2.3 Measuring Building Geometries from 4.2.4 Existing 3-D Urban Models References 5 High-Fidelity Modeling and Simulation 5.1 Geometrics Optics Simulations of Ter 5.1.1 Terrain Scattering LOS Calculation 5.1.2 Terrain Scattering LOS Calculation 5.2 Diffraction 5.2.1 KED 5.2.2 UTD 5.3 SEKE 5.4 Radar Simulations Using Elliptical C 5.5 Commercial Software References 6 Computing Hardware Acceleration Strategi 6.1 GPU Computational Model 6.2 GPU Programming 6.3 FPGA 6.4 Ray-Tracing Line-of-Sight Algorithms 6.4.1 Shapes and Ray Intersections 6.4.2 Intersection Acceleration Algorith 6.5 GPU Ray-Tracing Example 6.6 FPGA Ray Tracing References About the Authors Index Bringing together the essential underpinnings and techniques required to develop and field a viable NLOS radar, this book presents many examples, including electromagnetic radiation propagation in urban NLOS environments, predictive ray-tracing techniques, and more. --