Nomads and Natives Beyond the Danube and the Black Sea : 700–900 CE

This book presents a reconstruction of the socio-economic, ethnic, cultural, and political history of the Carpathian-Danubian area in the eighth and ninth centuries at a period when nomadic peoples from the east including the Bulgars, Avars, and Khazars migrated here. The work is based on a comprehensive analysis of narrative and archaeological sources including sites, artefacts, and goods in the basin bordered by the Tisza river in the west, the Danube in the south, and the Dniestr river in the east, covering swathes of modern-day Romania, Moldova, Ukraine, Serbia, and Hungary. Cover Half-title Series page Title page Copyright information Table of contents List of Illustrations List of abbreviations Acknowledgements Introduction Chapter 1. Sources Written Sources The Byzantine Writings Bulgarian Sources (Epigraphic) Russian Sources Hungarian Sources Western Sources Oriental Sources Archaeological Sources Settlements Hillforts Burial Findings Numismatic Findings Chapter 2. Habitation Archaeological Sites Settlements Settlement Surface Settlement Structure Hillforts Geographical Position Sites’ Topography The Hillforts’ Surface Defense System Functionality of Hillforts Chronology of Hillforts Mixed Settlements Caves Dwellings and Household Annexes Dwellings Planimetry Construction Techniques Roof Arrangement Interior Arrangement Houses Fire Installations Simple Ovens Ovens Household Annexes Outbuildings Household Pits Chapter 3. Economy Agriculture Soil Cultivation Agricultural Utensils Paleobotanical Research Agricultural Installations and Constructions Facilities for food storage Installations for drying agricultural products Installations for processing cereals Livestock Breeding Domestic Animals Poultry Handicrafts and Economic Exchange Metalwork Metalworking Workshops Metal Processing Technology Tool Making Non-ferrous Metal Working Clay Processing Pottery Pottery Workshops Pottery Kilns Types of Ceramics Handmade Pottery Pottery Made On a Slow Wheel Pottery Made On a Fast Wheel Raw Material Workshops Typology of Bone Pieces Tools Toiletries and Clothing Pieces Pieces for Games and Entertainment Types of Tools for Bonework Potter’s Signs Bonework and Hornwork Leather and Fur Processing Woodworking Stonework Weaving and Tailoring Economic Exchange Extraction and Marketing of Salt The Coins with No Trade vs. The Trade with No Coins The Byzantine Coins Imported Goods Arab Coins West European Coins Objects of Adornment Clothing Accessories Auxiliary Occupations Hunting Fishing Chapter 4. Spiritual Life Religious Beliefs Funerary Rites and Rituals Incineration Cemeteries Biritual Cemeteries Inhumation Cemeteries Cenotaphs / Symbolic Funerals Chapter 5. Society Archaeological Cultures Hlincea Culture Luka Rajkoveckaja Culture Balkan-Danubian Culture Bucov Culture The Ethnic Attributions of Discoveries The Romanics The Slavs The Avars The Bulgarians Social and Political-Military Organization Relations with Neighbours Conclusions Bibliography Primary Sources Annales Fuldenses Gesta Hungarorum Archaeological Records / Repertories Secondary Literature Index "This book re-examines the history of the Carpathian-Danubian region during the eighth and the ninth centuries, to provide a synthetic historical overview of the region to the north of the Lower Danube in this period. Based on a critical and comparative analysis of archaeological, narrative and numismatic sources, the study presents a reconstruction of the socio-economic, ethnic, cultural, and political history of the area at a period during which nomadic peoples from the east including the Bulgars, Avars, and Khazars migrated here. The work is based on a comprehensive analysis of narrative and archaeological sources including sites, artefacts, and goods in the basin bordered by the Tisza river in the west, the Danube in the south, and the Dniestr river in the east, covering swathes of modern-day Romania, Moldova, Ukraine, Serbia, and Hungary."--Bloomsbury publishing. Sergiu Musteata. Introduction Chapter 1. Sources Chapter 2. Habitat Chapter 3. Economy Chapter 4. Spiritual Life Chapter 5. Society Conclusions Sources And Bibliography Appendix Index. Includes Bibliographical References And Index. Electronic Reproduction. Baltimore, Md Available Via World Wide Web.